Rapeseed, sunflower, linseed, camelina and safflower are available for the production of vegetable oils. Rapeseed plays a major role as a domestic oil plant. The press residues from oil production are used as animal feed. The oils are used in the food industry as well as in industrial processing for the production of e.g. colours or environmentally friendly fuels and lubricants. Oil plants are also an aesthetic enrichment for our cultural landscape due to the variety of flowers.
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Order: Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family: Cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae)
Tribus: Brassiceae
Genus: Cabbage (Brassica)
Growth habit:
A winter annual crop with a strong taproot.
Initially forms a basal leaf rosette in autumn; the stem usually remains strongly compressed before winter.
After overwintering, an upright stem develops, branching particularly in its upper part.
Often reaches a height of approximately 100–180 cm at flowering, depending on the cultivar and growing conditions.
Leaves:
Usually bluish-green with a waxy bloom of variable intensity.
Lower leaves:
Stalked, relatively large, usually lyrately lobed to pinnatifid, with a large terminal lobe and smaller lateral lobes; hairless to sparsely hairy.
Upper leaves:
Smaller, undivided, oblong to lanceolate and mostly hairless; sessile, with a broadened, auriculate base partially clasping the stem.
Flowers:
Yellow flowers with four sepals and four petals arranged in a cross.
Six stamens: four long and two short.
Flowers are borne in terminal racemes that elongate during flowering.
The flower buds at the tip usually project above the open flowers.
Fruits and fruiting structure:
Long, narrow siliques (seed pods) with a short terminal beak and numerous seeds.
Stalked siliques are arranged in fruiting racemes on the main stem and lateral branches.
Within each fruiting raceme, ripening generally progresses from the bottom upwards.
Seeds:
Small, rounded to spherical, usually dark brown to black.
Order: Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family: Cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae)
Tribus: Brassiceae
Genus: Cabbage (Brassica)
Growth habit:
A winter annual crop with a strong taproot.
Initially forms a basal leaf rosette in autumn; the stem usually remains strongly compressed before winter.
After overwintering, an upright stem develops, branching particularly in its upper part.
Often reaches a height of approximately 100–180 cm at flowering, depending on the cultivar and growing conditions.
Leaves:
Usually bluish-green with a waxy bloom of variable intensity.
Lower leaves:
Stalked, relatively large, usually lyrately lobed to pinnatifid, with a large terminal lobe and smaller lateral lobes; hairless to sparsely hairy.
Upper leaves:
Smaller, undivided, oblong to lanceolate and mostly hairless; sessile, with a broadened, auriculate base partially clasping the stem.
Flowers:
Yellow flowers with four sepals and four petals arranged in a cross.
Six stamens: four long and two short.
Flowers are borne in terminal racemes that elongate during flowering.
The flower buds at the tip usually project above the open flowers.
Fruits and fruiting structure:
Long, narrow siliques (seed pods) with a short terminal beak and numerous seeds.
Stalked siliques are arranged in fruiting racemes on the main stem and lateral branches.
Within each fruiting raceme, ripening generally progresses from the bottom upwards.
Seeds:
Small, rounded to spherical, usually dark brown to black.
Order: Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family: Cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae)
Tribus: Brassiceae
Genus: Cabbage (Brassica)
Growth habit:
A winter annual crop with a strong taproot.
Initially forms a basal leaf rosette in autumn; the stem usually remains strongly compressed before winter.
After overwintering, an upright stem develops, branching particularly in its upper part.
Often reaches a height of approximately 100–180 cm at flowering, depending on the cultivar and growing conditions.
Leaves:
Usually bluish-green with a waxy bloom of variable intensity.
Lower leaves:
Stalked, relatively large, usually lyrately lobed to pinnatifid, with a large terminal lobe and smaller lateral lobes; hairless to sparsely hairy.
Upper leaves:
Smaller, undivided, oblong to lanceolate and mostly hairless; sessile, with a broadened, auriculate base partially clasping the stem.
Flowers:
Yellow flowers with four sepals and four petals arranged in a cross.
Six stamens: four long and two short.
Flowers are borne in terminal racemes that elongate during flowering.
The flower buds at the tip usually project above the open flowers.
Fruits and fruiting structure:
Long, narrow siliques (seed pods) with a short terminal beak and numerous seeds.
Stalked siliques are arranged in fruiting racemes on the main stem and lateral branches.
Within each fruiting raceme, ripening generally progresses from the bottom upwards.
Seeds:
Small, rounded to spherical, usually dark brown to black.
Order: Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family: Cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae)
Tribus: Brassiceae
Genus: Cabbage (Brassica)
Growth habit:
A winter annual crop with a strong taproot.
Initially forms a basal leaf rosette in autumn; the stem usually remains strongly compressed before winter.
After overwintering, an upright stem develops, branching particularly in its upper part.
Often reaches a height of approximately 100–180 cm at flowering, depending on the cultivar and growing conditions.
Leaves:
Usually bluish-green with a waxy bloom of variable intensity.
Lower leaves:
Stalked, relatively large, usually lyrately lobed to pinnatifid, with a large terminal lobe and smaller lateral lobes; hairless to sparsely hairy.
Upper leaves:
Smaller, undivided, oblong to lanceolate and mostly hairless; sessile, with a broadened, auriculate base partially clasping the stem.
Flowers:
Yellow flowers with four sepals and four petals arranged in a cross.
Six stamens: four long and two short.
Flowers are borne in terminal racemes that elongate during flowering.
The flower buds at the tip usually project above the open flowers.
Fruits and fruiting structure:
Long, narrow siliques (seed pods) with a short terminal beak and numerous seeds.
Stalked siliques are arranged in fruiting racemes on the main stem and lateral branches.
Within each fruiting raceme, ripening generally progresses from the bottom upwards.
Seeds:
Small, rounded to spherical, usually dark brown to black.
Order: Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family: Cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae)
Tribus: Brassiceae
Genus: Cabbage (Brassica)
Growth habit:
A winter annual crop with a strong taproot.
Initially forms a basal leaf rosette in autumn; the stem usually remains strongly compressed before winter.
After overwintering, an upright stem develops, branching particularly in its upper part.
Often reaches a height of approximately 100–180 cm at flowering, depending on the cultivar and growing conditions.
Leaves:
Usually bluish-green with a waxy bloom of variable intensity.
Lower leaves:
Stalked, relatively large, usually lyrately lobed to pinnatifid, with a large terminal lobe and smaller lateral lobes; hairless to sparsely hairy.
Upper leaves:
Smaller, undivided, oblong to lanceolate and mostly hairless; sessile, with a broadened, auriculate base partially clasping the stem.
Flowers:
Yellow flowers with four sepals and four petals arranged in a cross.
Six stamens: four long and two short.
Flowers are borne in terminal racemes that elongate during flowering.
The flower buds at the tip usually project above the open flowers.
Fruits and fruiting structure:
Long, narrow siliques (seed pods) with a short terminal beak and numerous seeds.
Stalked siliques are arranged in fruiting racemes on the main stem and lateral branches.
Within each fruiting raceme, ripening generally progresses from the bottom upwards.
Seeds:
Small, rounded to spherical, usually dark brown to black.
Order: Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family: Cruciferous plants (Brassicaaceae)
Tribus: Brassiceae
Genus: Cabbage (Brassica)
Growth Habit:
Annual crop plant with an upright stem, branched in its upper part, and a strong taproot.
When sown in spring under typical conditions, it undergoes a comparatively short rosette stage and reaches flowering and seed maturity within the year of sowing.
Does not require a prolonged period of cold to induce flowering and therefore has no obligatory vernalisation requirement.
Often less vigorous and less extensively branched than winter oilseed rape; however, these characteristics depend strongly on the cultivar and growing conditions.
Leaves:
Usually blue-green with a waxy bloom; the degree of waxiness varies.
- Lower leaves:
Petiolate, relatively large, usually lyrately lobed to pinnatifid, with a large terminal lobe and smaller lateral lobes; glabrous to sparsely hairy.
- Upper leaves:
Smaller, undivided, oblong to lanceolate, and predominantly glabrous; sessile, with a broadened, auriculate base that partially clasps the stem.
Flowers:
Yellow flowers with four sepals and four petals arranged in a cross.
Six stamens: four long and two short.
Flowers borne in terminal racemes that elongate during flowering.
The flower buds at the tip usually extend above the open flowers.
Fruits and Fruiting Structures:
Long, narrow siliques (seed pods) with a short terminal beak and numerous seeds.
The siliques are borne on stalks in racemes on the main stem and lateral branches.
Within each raceme, ripening generally progresses from the bottom upwards.
Seeds:
Small, rounded to spherical, usually dark brown to black.
