Agronomic educational garden: Educational Garden Agricultural Sciences

Agronomic educational garden

The horticultural teaching garden provides anyone interested with a partial insight into the diversity of agricultural crop species, forms and varieties. Primarily, it serves for self-study and, through occasional visits, enables the comparative observation and assessment of growth and development states, morphological characteristics and growth and development states.

Carbohydrate-rich grains Winter and summer types

Wheat and barley were already cultivated in Mesopotamia 10,000 years ago. From there they began a triumphal march across all temperate climate zones of the earth. Oats and rye are secondary crops. They were initially "weeds" in the cereals and were only cultivated and selected by chance. Today, cereals play a very important role in human nutrition worldwide. They are a raw material for baked goods and pasta, an important source for animal feed and - last but not least - they provide the raw material for beer production.

Winter types and varieties

Winter feed barley2-row SU Laubella

Winter feed barley (Hordeum vulgare var. distichon)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of barley:

Leaf ears: long, completely enclosing the stem, without cilia

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow (1-2 mm), slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned (to 15 cm long), Shapes: two-rowed, multi-rowed, hanging when ripe

Grain: yellow, pointed oval, glumes fused with grain, no whiskers

Tutorial Barley

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter feed barley 2-row	SU Laubella	310	56,6	98	179,0	Sowing: 02.10.2025 Germination: 14.10.2025		stained with Vibrance Trio 07.10.2025: Herold SC 0,6 l/ha

Winter feed barley 6-row Winnie

Winter feed barley (Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of barley:

Leaf ears: long, completely enclosing the stem, without cilia

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow (1-2 mm), slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned (to 15 cm long), Shapes: two-rowed, multi-rowed, hanging when ripe

Grain: yellow, pointed oval, glumes fused with grain, no whiskers

Tutorial Barley

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter feed barley 6-row	Winnie	280	53,0	98	151,4	Sowing: 02.10.2025 Germination: 14.10.2025		not stained 07.10.2025: Herold SC 0,6 l/ha

Winter malting barley 2-row KWS Donau

Winter malting barley (Hordeum vulgare var. distichon)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of barley:

Leaf ears: long, completely enclosing the stem, without cilia

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow (1-2 mm), slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned (to 15 cm long), Shapes: two-rowed, multi-rowed, hanging when ripe

Grain: yellow, pointed oval, glumes fused with grain, no whiskers

Tutorial Barley

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter malting barley 2-row	KWS Donau	340	48,3	98	167,6	Sowing: 02.10.2025 Germination: 14.10.2025		not stained 07.10.2025: Herold SC 0,6 l/ha

Winter malting barley 6-row KWS Faro

Winter malting barley (Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of barley:

Leaf ears: long, completely enclosing the stem, without cilia

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow (1-2 mm), slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned (to 15 cm long), Shapes: two-rowed, multi-rowed, hanging when ripe

Grain: yellow, pointed oval, glumes fused with grain, no whiskers

Tutorial barley

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter malting barley 6-row	KWS Faro	320	42,3	97	139,5	Sowing: 02.10.2025 Germination: 14.10.2025		not stained 07.10.2025: Herold SC 0,6 l/ha

Winter oat KWS Snowbird

Winter oat (Avena sativa)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of oat:

Leaf ears: none

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow-medium, fringed, toothed

Infructescence: Panicle

Grain: yellow hulled, white hulled or blackhulled, elongated, whiskers on dehusked grain

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter oat	KWS Snowbird	335	38,0	99	128,6	Sowing: 02.10.2025 Germination: 14.10.2025		not stained

Winter rye Dukato (Population)

Winter rye (Secale cereale)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of Rye:

Leaf auricle: short, not enclosing the stem, not ciliated.

Ligule: narrow, hardly visible

Inflorescence: spike with a border, pendulous

Grain: bluish-green, narrow elongated

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter rye (Population)	Dukato	280	43,9	92	133,6	Sowing: 02.10.2025 Germination: 14.10.2025		stained with Vibrance Trio 07.10.2025: Herold SC 0,6 l/ha

Winter rye SU Erling (Hybrid)

Winter rye (Secale cereale)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter rye (Hybrid)	SU Erling	230	27,6	97	65,4	Sowing: 02.10.2025 Germination: 14.10.2025		stained with: Vibrance Trio 07.10.2025: Herold SC 0,6 l/ha

Winter triticale Bilboquet

Winter triticale (Triticosecale)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of triticale:

Leaf auricle: short to medium long, unciliated

Ligule: narrow to medium in size, slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned

Grain: pointed oval

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter triticale	Bilboquet	280	37,4	94	111,4	Sowing: 02.10.2025 Germination: 14.10.2025		not stained 16.10.2025 Malibu 4 l/ha

Winter wheat SU Hybingo

Winter hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Familie: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of wheat:

Leaf auricle: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliated

Ligule: medium size, toothed

Infructescence: Spike not awned and round, exception: awned wheat varieties

Grain: brown-yellow to reddish, oval, medium-length whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter wheat (Hybrid) (B)	SU Hybingo	135	52,0	92	76,3	Sowing: 15.10.2025 Germination: 31.10.2025		stained with Vibrance Trio 16.10.2025 Malibu 4 l/ha

Winter wheat Alabaster (white)

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of wheat:

Leaf ears: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliate

Leaf ligule (Ligula): medium size, serrated

Infructescence: Spike not awned and round, exception: awnded wheat variety

Grain:

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter wheat (white)	Alabaster	340	43,0	94,1	155,4	Sowing: 15.10.2025 Germination: 31.10.2025		stained 16.10.2025 Malibu 4 l/ha

Winter wheat SU Mangold

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of wheat:

Leaf auricle: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliate

Ligule: medium size, serrated

Infructescence: Spike awned and round

Grain: brown-yellow to reddish, oval, medium-length whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter wheat (B) (brewing suitability)	SU Mangold	290	49,3	94,0	152,1	Sowing: 15.10.2025 Germination: 31.10.2025		stained 16.10.2025 Malibu 4 l/ha

Winter wheat KWS Ultim

Winter malting wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Familie: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of wheat:

Leaf auricle: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliated

Ligule: medium size, toothed

Infructescence: Spike not awned and round, exception: awned wheat varieties

Grain: brown-yellow to reddish, oval, medium-length whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter wheat (A) awned	KWS Ultim	320	48,1	100	153,9	Sowing: 15.10.2025 Germination: 31.10.2025		not stained 16.10.2025 Malibu 4 l/ha

Winter durum wheat Wintergold

Winter durum (Triticum durum)

Familiy: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics Durum wheat:

Leaf auricle: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliated

Ligule: medium sized, toothed

Infructescence: spike with margins, awns up to 20 cm

Grain: glassy, elongated pointed

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter durum	Wintergold	390	44,2	91	210,9	Sowing: 15.10.2025 Germination: 31.10.2025		not stained 16.10.2025 Malibu 4 l/ha

Emmer Späths Albjuwel (en)

Emmer (Triticum dioccum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of Emmer:

Leaf auricle: large, ciliated

Ligule: medium sized, blunt toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned, drooping

Grain: 2 grains in a glume (vese), brown-yellow, elongated oval, whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Emmer	Späths Albjuwel	320	55,2	86,4	204,4	Sowing: 15.10.2025 Germination: 31.10.2025		not stained 16.10.2025 Malibu 4 l/ha

Emmer Roter Heidfelder (en)

Emmer (Triticum dioccum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA%	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Emmer	Roter Heidfelder	320	46,1	80,8	182,7	Sowing: 15.10.2025 Germination: 31.10.2025		not stained 16.10.2025 Malibu 4 l/ha

Spelt Zollernfit

Spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of spelt:

Leaf auricles: medium in size (not enclosing culm), partly ciliated

Ligule: short, toothed

Inflorescence: spike without awns, hanging

Grain: 2-3 grains in an enveloping glume (vese), reddish-brown

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA%	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spelt	Zollernfit	275	57,1	99	158,6	Sowing: 15.10.2025 Germination: 31.10.2025		not stained

Einkorn Monoverde (en)

Einkorn (Triticum monococcum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of Einkorn:

Leaf auricle: short, ciliated

Ligule: medium sized, blunt toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned, upright

Grain: 1 grain in a glume (vese), brown-yellow, elongated oval

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Einkorn	Monoverde	280	33,8	82,8	114,3	Sowing: 15.10.2025 Germination: 31.10.2025		not stained 16.10.2025 Malibu 4 l/ha

Einkorn Monomax (en)

Einkorn (Triticum monococcum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of Einkorn:

Leaf auricle: short, ciliated

Ligule: medium sized, blunt toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned, upright

Grain: 1 grain in a glume (vese), brown-yellow, elongated oval

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Einkorn	Monomax	280	28,2	77,4	102,0	Sowing: 15.10.2025 Germination: 31.10.2025		not stained 16.10.2025 Malibu 4 l/ha

Spring types and varieties

Spring malting barley 2-row KWS Jessie

Spring malting barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of barley:

Leaf ears: long, completely enclosing the stem, without cilia

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow (1-2 mm), slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned (to 15 cm long), Shapes: two-rowed, multi-rowed, hanging when ripe

Grain: yellow, pointed oval, glumes fused with grain, no whiskers

Tutorial Gerste

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring malting barley 2-row	KWS Jessie	330	51,7	97	175,9	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Oat yellow hulled Platin

Oat yellow hulled (Avena sativa var. aurea)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of oat:

Leaf ears: none

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow-medium, fringed, toothed

Infructescence: Panicle

Grain: yellow hulled, white hulled or blackhulled, elongated, whiskers on dehusked grain

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Oat yellow hulled	Platin	340	39,7	97	139,2	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Oat white hulled Scotty

Oat white hulled (Avena sativa var. alba)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of oat:

Leaf ears: none

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow-medium, fringed, toothed

Infructescence: Panicle

Grain: yellow hulled, white hulled or blackhulled, elongated, whiskers on dehusked grain

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Oat white hulled	Scotty	360	33,8	97	125,4	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Oat black hulled Zorro

Oat black hulled (Avena sativa var. nigra)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of oat:

Leaf ears: none

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow-medium, fringed, toothed

Infructescence: Panicle

Grain: yellow hulled, white hulled or blackhulled, elongated, whiskers on dehusked grain

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Oat black hulled	Zorro	310	34,3	88	120,8	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Spring rey Ovid

Spring rey (Secale cereale)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring rey	Ovid	350	31,3	96	114,1	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Spring triticale SU Carl

Spring triticale (Triticosecale)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of triticale:

Leaf auricle: short to medium long, unciliated

Ligule: narrow to medium in size, slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned

Grain: pointed oval

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring triticale	SU Carl	410	32,3	91	145,5	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Spring wheat Quintus

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of wheat:

Leaf ears: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliate

Leaf ligule (Ligula): medium size, serrated

Infructescence: Spike not awned and round, exception: awnded wheat variety

Grain: brown-yellow to reddish, oval, medium-length whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring durum A	Quintus	400	49,6	98	202,4	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Spring wheat KWS Jordum

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of wheat:

Leaf ears: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliate

Leaf ligule (Ligula): medium size, serrated

Infructescence: Spike not awned and round, exception: awnded wheat variety

Grain: brown-yellow to reddish, oval, medium-length whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring wheat B	KWS Jordum	400	44,7	98	182,4	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Spring wheat KWS Carusum

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of wheat:

Leaf ears: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliate

Leaf ligule (Ligula): medium size, serrated

Infructescence: Spike not awned and round, exception: awnded wheat variety

Grain: brown-yellow to reddish, oval, medium-length whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring wheat E	KWS Carusum	400	47,2	98	192,7	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Spring durum Duralis

Spring durum (Triticum durum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics Durum wheat:

Leaf auricle: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliated

Ligule: medium sized, toothed

Infructescence: spike with margins, awns up to 20 cm

Grain: glassy, elongated pointed

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring durum	Duralis	370	47,6	94	187,4	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Khorasan wheat (Kamut)

Khorasan wheat (Triticum turanicum)

Kamut

Familie: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Khorasan-wheat (Kamut)		350	57,3	84	238,8	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Buckwheat

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)

Family: Polygonaceae (Polygonaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Buck wheat	Ramsch Devyatka		33,2	95	62,9	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Quinoa (en)

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)

Family: Amaranthaceae (Amaranthaceae)

Tutorial Ouinoa

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Quinoa	Titicaca	80	3,1	81,0	5,2	Sowing: Germination:		not stainded

Amaranth (en)

Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus)

Family: Amaranthaceae (Amaranthaceae)

Tutorial Amaranth

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Amaranth	Bärenkrafft	60	0,8	22,5	1,6	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Teff (en)

Teff (Eragrostis teff)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Teff		3750	0,4	68	15,4	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Maize KWS Gustavius

Maize (Zea mays)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Variety: KWS Gustavius

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Maize (FAO: Maize for silage: K 230)	KWS Gustavius	10	258	99	26,1	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Maize KWS Adamo

Maize (Zea mays)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Mais (FAO: Maize for silage: 230)	KWS Adamo	10	262,0	99	26,5	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Sorghum KWS Lupus

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Panicle type: compact

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Sorghum	KWS Lupus	35	34,5	83	14,5	Sowing: Germination:		ungebeizt

Sorghum KWS Kallisto

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Sorghum	KWS Kallisto	25	30,0	95	7,9	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Protein-rich grains

Our native legumes are essentially grown for animal feed as protein feed. For the people of the world, they are an important source of vegetable protein and amino acids and are becoming increasingly important. Legumes have the special feature that their roots form a symbiosis with soil bacteria (rhizobia). These are able to fix nitrogen from the air and make it available to the legumes for the formation of protein or subsequent crops as a plant nutrient. Their ability to fix nitrogen means that mineral nitrogen fertilisers can be saved. For organic farming, legumes are therefore an indispensable component in crop rotation.

Types and varieties

Lupin Carabor

Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius)

Familie: Legume (Fabaceae)

Tutorial Lupin

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Lupin blue	Carabor	80	157,0	89,3	140,6	Sowing: Germination:		not stained Interrow Cultivator Harrow

Field bean Birgit

Field bean (Vicia faba)

Family: Legume (Fabaceae)

Tutorial Field bean

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Field bean	Birgit	50	600,0	97	309,3	Sowing: Germination:		not stained Interrow Cultivator Harrow

Pea Texas

Pea (Pisum sativum)

Family: Legume (Fabaceae)

Tutorial Pea

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Pea	Texas	80	300,0	99	151,5	Sowing: Germination:		not stained Interrow Cultivator Harrow

Lentil

Lentil (Lens culinaris)

Family: Legum (Fabaceae)

Tutorial Lentil

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Lentil	Anicia	225	50,3	96,0	118 (75%)	Sowing: Germination:		not stained Harrow: Interrow Cultivator:
Supporting crop Oat	Lion	75	41,8	96,0	32,7 (25%)	Sowing: Germination:		not stained Harrow: Interrow Cultivator:

Lupin Victory

Lupin (Lupinus albus)

Family: Legume (Fabaceae)

Tutorial Lupin

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Lupin white	Victory	80	347,0	94	295,3	Sowing: Germination:		not stained Interrow Cultivator Harrow

Faba Bean Callas

Faba bean (Vicia faba)

Family: Legume (Fabaceae)

Tutorial Field bean

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Field bean	Callas	50	602,0	95	316,8	Sowing: Germination:		not stained Interrow Cultivator Harrow

Chickpea Kira

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

Family: Legume (Fabaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Chickpea	Kira	60	290	88	197,7	Sowing: Germination:		not stained Harrow: Interrow Cultivator:

Soybean Arnold

Soybean (Glycine max)

Family: Legume (Fabaceae)

Tutorial Soybean

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Soybean	Arnold	55	194,9	95	112,8	Sowing: Germination:		not stained Inoculation with:

Oil rich grains - Winter and summer types

Rapeseed, sunflower, flax, camelina and safflower are available for the production of vegetable oils. Rapeseed plays a major role as a domestic oil plant. The press residues from oil production are used as animal feed. The oils are used in the food industry as well as in industrial processing for the production of e.g. paints or environmentally friendly fuels and lubricants. Oil plants are also an aesthetic enrichment for our cultural landscape due to the diversity of flowers.

Winter types and varieties

Winter rape Ambassador

Winter rape (Brassica napus)

Family: Cruciferous (Brassicaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter rape (Hybrid)	Ambassador	50	6,4	88,2	3,3	Sowing: 26.08.2025 Cambridge roller: 26.08.2025 Germination: 09.09.2025 Reseed: 02.10.2025 Germination: 21.10.2025		not stained 07.10.2025 Butisan Gold 2,5 l/ha

Winter rape KWS Ambos

Winter rape (Brassica napus)

Family: Cruciferous (Brassicaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter rape (Hybrid)	KWS Ambos	55	5,13	79,9	3,0	Sowing: 26.08.2025 Cambridge roller: 26.08.2025 Germination: 09.09.2025 Ressed: 02.10.2025 Germination: 21.10.2025		stained with: Scenic Gold, Lumiposa 07.10.2025 Butisan Gold 2,5 l/ha

Winter rape Arabella

Winter rape (Brassica napus)

Family: Cruciferous (Brassicaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter rape (Linie)	Arabella	60	4,71	86,4	2,9	Sowing: 26.08.2025 Cambridge roller: 26.08.2025 Germination: 09.09.2025 Ressed: 02.10.2025 Germination: 21.10.2025		not stained 07.10.2025 Butisan Gold 2,5 l/ha

Winter rape Randy

Winter rape (Brassica napus)

Family: Cruciferous (Brassicaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter rape (Linie)	Randy	70	4,8	81,9	3,7	Sowing: 26.08.2025 Cambridge roller: 26.08.2025 Germination: 09.09.2025 Ressed: 02.10.2025 Germination: 21.10.2025		stained 07.10.2025 Butisan Gold 2,5 l/ha

Spring types and varieties

Camelina Caroline

Camelina (Camelina sativa)

Family: Cruciferous (Brassicaceae)

Tutorial Camelina

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Camelina	Caroline	500	1,1	88	6,2	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:		not treated

Oil linseed Balance

Oil linseed (Linum usitatissimum)

Family: Linaceae (Linaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Oil linseed	Balance	450	6,5	92	31,8	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:		not treated

Safflower Salem

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)

Familie: Composite (Asteraceae)

Tutorial: Safflower

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Safflower	Salem	80	35,0	70	40,0	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:		not treated

Sunflower RGT Llincoln

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

Family: Composite (Asteraceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Sunflower (High oleic)	RGT Llincoln	7,5	67,6	92	5,51	Sowing: Germination:

Chia Juana

Chia (Salvia hispanica)

Family: Labiate (Lamiaceae)

Variety: Juana

Tutorial Chia

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Chia	Juana	80	1,4	91	1,2	Sowing: Germination:		not treated

Spring rape Cleopatra

Spring rape (Brassica napus)

Family: Cruciferous (Brassicaceae)

Type

Variety

Grains/m²

TKG

KF %

Seed rate kg/ha

Measures

Fertilisation

Plant protection

Spring rape

Cleopatra

80

5,0

4,3

Sowing:

Cambridge roller:

Germination:

Root- and tuber crops

The crop of root and tuber fruits is under the soil. This makes harvesting the crops very laborious. The potato, still a staple food, originated in South America and came to Europe in the 16th century. Through selection of the Silesian white beet, the sugar beet was developed in the middle of the 18th century and is of great importance as a supplier of sugar. Today, the fodder beet is less important as cattle feed. So-called energy beet is grown as biomass in biogas plants for energy production.

Types and varieties

Potato Emiliana

Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Family: Solanum (Solanaceae)

Cooking type: waxy

Art	Variety	Tuber/m²	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Potato, medium early	Emiliana	4	Plantation: Sprout:		Heap dams:

Potato Red Sonja

Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Family: Solanum (Solanaceae)

Cooking type: predominantly waxy

Art	Variety	Tuber/m²	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Potato, early	Red Sonja	4	Plantation: Sprout:		Heap dams:

Potato Karelia

Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Family: Solanum (Solanaceae)

Cooking type: mealy

Art	Variety	Tuber/m²	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Potato, medium early	Karelia	4	Plantation: Sprout:		Heap dams:

Fodder beet Feldherr

Fodder beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris)

Family: Amaranths (Amaranthaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Fodder beet	Feldherr	10				Sowing: Germination:

Sugar beet Calledia KWS

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. altissima)

Family: Amaranths (Amaranthaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Sugar beet (Feadbeet)	Calledia KWS	10				Sowing: Germination:

Fodder (Energy) beet Ribambelle

Fodder (Energy) beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris)

Family: Amaranths (Amaranthaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Fodder (Energy) beet	Ribambelle	10				Sowing: 22.04.2025 Germination: 09.05.2025	08.05.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	20.05.2025 2,0 l/ha Betanal, 1,5 l/ha Goltix, 0,6 l/ha Oblix

Marrow-stem kale Inka

Marrow-stem kale (Brassica oleracea var. medullosa)

Family: Cruciferous (Brassicaceae)

Tutorial: Markstammkohl

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Marrow- stem kale	Inka	110	4,4	95	4,3	Sowing: Germination:		Interrow Cultivator:

Turnip Rondo

Turnip (Brassica rapa sub. rapa subvar. esculanta)

Family: Cruciferous (Brassicaceae)

Variety: Rondo

Tutorial: Turnip

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Turnip	Rondo	90	2,3	98	1,7	Sowing: Germination: 16.05.2024		Interrow Cultivator:

Oil radish Rebellion

Oil radish (Rhapanus sativus var. oleiformis)

Family: Cruciferous (Brassicaceae)

Variety: Rebellion

Tutorial: Ölrettich

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Oil radish	Rebellion	200	14,7	96	25,7	Sowing: Germination:		Interrow Cultivator:

Forage crops

The forage crops include mainly grasses and a variety of legumes as well as some cruciferous plants. Forage crops allow the temporary establishment of a grassland-like population. They thus increase soil fertility and at the same time provide roughage for ruminants. By combining several species and varieties, growth factors such as light, water, nutrients and the footprint are optimally used. At the same time, the field food stocks offer an attractive picture and are often very valuable for insects due to their biodiversity.

Types and varieties

Crimson clover Heusens Ostsaat

Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum)

Family: Legume (Fabaceae)

Tutorial: Inkarnatklee

Type	Variety	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilistion	Plant protection
Crimson clover	Heusens Ostsaat	30	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:

Persian clover Pasat

Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum)

Family: Legume (Fabaceae)

Tutorial: Perserklee

Type	Variety	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilistion	Plant protection
Persian clover	Pasat	20	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:

Alsike clover Lomiai

Alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum)

Family: Legume (Fabaceae)

Tutorial: Schwedenklee

Type	Variety	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilistion	Plant protection
Alsike clover	Lomiai	20	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:

Black medick Ekola

Black medick (Medicago lupulina)

Family: Legume (Fabaceae)

Tutorial: Gelbklee

Type	Variety	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilistion	Plant protection
Black medick	Ekola	20	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:

Summer - Common vetch Ebena

Summer - Common vetch (Vicia sativa)

Family: Legume (Fabaceae)

Tutorial: Saatwicke

Type	Variety	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilation	Plant protection
Summer - Common vetch	Ebena	120	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:

Berseem clover Winner

Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrium)

Family: Legume (Fabaceae)

Tutorial: Alexandrinerklee

Type	Variety	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilistion	Plant protection
Berseem clover	Winner	35	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:

Alfalfa Plato

Alfalfa (Meticago sativa)

Family: Legume (Fabaceae)

Type	Variety	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilistion	Plant protection
Alfalfa	Plato	30	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:

Red clover Tempus

Red clover (Trifolium pratense)

Family: Legume (Fabaceae)

Type	Variety	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilistion	Plant protection
Red clover	Tempus	12	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:

Catch crops

Catch crops are crops which stand between arable crops grown for main use as an extension of crop rotation, green fertilisation and forage use. They are grown as summer and winter catch crops or as an undersown in the main fruit (cover fruit). Catch crops can be grown as a pure crop or as a mixture.

The following effects can be achieved through catch crop cultivation:

Nitrogen binding from the air by catch crop cultivation with legumes. The nitrogen bound in this way is available to the next fruit in the crop rotation, the yield can thus be increased and mineral nitrogen or. manure can be saved.
Nutrient conservation in biomass.
Stimulation and promotion of soil life, improvement of soil structure and thus improvement of soil fertility.
Compacted soils can be regenerated by deep-rooted catch crops.
Separating culture in crop rotation.
Effect of catch crops in terms of saving herbicides by suppressing weeds.
Remediation of soils by cultivation of, for example, nematode-resistant catch crops.

Types and Varieties

TerraGold Bees Feast

Catch crop mixtures

TerraGold Bees Feast

Type	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures
40% Phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia)	10	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:
1% Borage (Borago officinalis)
2% Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
5% Common marigold (Calendula officinalis)
25% Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)
2% Dill (Anethum graveolens)
5% Black cumin (Nigella sativa)
6% Coriander (Coriandrum sativum)
7% White mustard (Sinapis alba)
2,5% Fodder radish (Rhapanus sativus var. oleiformis)
5% Malve (Malva)

TerraGold Hot Summer

Catch crop mixture

TerraGold Hot Summer

Type	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures
15% Öil linseed (Linum usitatissimum)	20	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:
35% Sorghum (Shorghum x drummondii)
20% Sun flower (Helianthus annuus)
8% Ramtilla (Guizotia abyssinica)
4% Abyssinian mustard (Brassica carinata)
7% Camelina (Camelina saiva)
7% Cress (Lepidium sativum)

Abyssinian mustard Undercover

Abyssinian mustard (Brassica carinata)

Family: Cruciferous (Brassicaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilation
Abyssinian mustard	Undercover	480	3,2	95	15,8	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:

Indian mustard Terminator

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)

Family: Cruciferous (Brassicaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilation
Indian mustard	Terminator	225	3,1	97	7,2	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:

Phacelia Nectar

Phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia)

Family: Heliotropes (Boraginaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation
Phacelia	Nectar	740	1,6	94	12,8	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:

Cress

Cress (Lepidium sativum)

Family: Cruciferous (Brassicaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilation
Cress		470	2,1	98	10,2	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:

Yellow lupin Mister

Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus)

Familie: Legume (Fabaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation
Yellow lupin	Mister	70	166,8	77	150,7	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:

Bristle oat Rhino

Bristle oat (Avena strigosa)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilation
Bristle oat	Rhino	340	18,0	97	63,8	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:

Ramtilla Ramba Zamba

Ramtilla (Guizotia abyssinica)

Family: Composite (Asteraceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation
Ramtilla	Ramba Zamba	400	2,5	96	10,4	Sowing: Cambridge roller: Germination:

Plants of grassland

Grassland is a type of land use that is grazed or cut and whose vegetation consists predominantly of perennial plants, mainly grasses. Grassland forms the feed basis for ruminants and other rough feedingstuffs. As a result, the use and management of grassland has traditionally been closely linked to animal feed quality requirements. In recent decades, dairy farming has increasingly used energy-rich fodder (concentrated feed, silage maize) from arable land, because even with intensive grassland management, the needs of high-performance animals can no longer be met solely by grassland forage.

New recycling alternatives with different quality requirements have developed as a result of the energetic utilization of grassland extensions in biogas plants and as a raw material for bio-based products. Grassland has other important ecosystem functions beyond the production of biomass, such as the conservation of biodiversity, water and soil protection and also the recreational function. Since these are usually more pronounced with extensive management, trade-offs to agricultural requirements can arise.

Grasses

With about 12,000 species, the sweet grasses are a large and varied plant family. 15 species are cultivated in Germany as fodder grasses and have economic significance, 12 of which can be seen here. Grasses are the most important species group in grassland and should account for about 60-80% in a balanced grassland population. Due to their pronounced vegetative propagation due to the formation of lateral shoots, they form a dense turf and are the basis for the yield and quality of the edible biomass. As the growth ages, the fiber content increases and the protein content decreases, so the fodder quality decreases.

Other grassland plants

In addition to the grasses, legumes and other herbs are always found in the grassland. They are the basis for biodiversity and shape the aspect of the stands.This diversity cannot shown in the Educational garden of Agriculture Sciences, visit the Hohenheim Gardens and the great outdoors.

Types and varieties

Italien ryegrass

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum ssp. italicum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	TKG	KF %	Purity %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Italian ryegrass tetraploid	Melsprinter	4,23	95	99,6	42,3 (40-45 by pure seed)	Sowing: 05.03.2025	23.04.2025 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27)

Hybrid ryegrass

Hybrid ryegrass (Lolium x hybridum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	TKG	KF %	Purity %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Hybrid ryegrass	Rusa	3,42	95	100	42,0 (by pure seed)	Sowing: 05.03.2025	23.04.2025 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27)

Tall fescue

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	TKG	KF %	Purity %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Tall fescue	Maksi	2,94	97	98,8	30,3 (by pure seed)	Sowing: 05.03.2025	23.04.2025 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27)

Cocksfoot grass

Cocksfoot gras (Dactylis glomerata)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	TKG	KF %	Purity %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Cocksfoot grass	Lyra	1,09	93	99,8	25,0 (20-25 by pure seed)	Sowing: 05.03.2025	23.04.2025 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27)

Meadow foxtail

Meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	TKG	KF %	Purity %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Meadow foxtail	Alopex	1,04	91	99,8	25,1 (by pure seed	Sowing: 05.03.2025	23.04.2025 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27)

Golden oat grass

Golden oat grass (Trisetum flavescens)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	TKG	KF %	Purity %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Golden oat grass	Trisett 51	0,2	70	93	20,0 (by pure seed)	Sowing: 05.03.2025	23.04.2025 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27)

Perennial ryegrass

Perennial ryegras (Lolium perenne)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	TKG	KF %	Purity %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Perennial ryegrass	Bellator	3,11	91	98,9	30,0 (by 25-30 pure seed)	Sowing: 05.03.2025	23.04.2025 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27)

Meadow fescue

Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	TKG	KF %	Purity %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Meadow fescue	Pardus	2,15	94	99,1	25,2 (by pure seed)	Sowing: 05.03.2025	23.04.2025 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27)

Red fescue

Red fescue (Festuca rubra)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	TKG	KF %	Purity %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Red fescue	Reverent	1,22	91	99,6	27,5 (by pure seed 25 - 40)	Sowing: 05.03.2025	23.04.2025 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27)

Kentucky blue grass

Kentucky blue grass (Poa pratensis)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	TKG	KF %	Purity %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Kentucky blue grass	Kupol	0,19	80	100	23,2 (15 - 20 by pure seed)	Sowing: 05.03.2025	23.04.2025 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27)

Timothy

Timothy (Phleum pratense)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	TKG	KF %	Purity %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Timothy	Polarking	0,42	90	99,9	22,4	Sowing: 05.03.2025	23.04.2025 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27)

Tall oatgrass

Tall oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatius)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	TKG	KF %	Purity %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Tall oatgrass	Arone	2,9	80	99	40	Sowing: 05.03.2025	23.04.2025 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27)

Demonstration Experiment Grassland intensity

Herb-rich grass mixture Fertilisation 1

Herb-rich grass mixture extensive use

2 cuts, 0 kg N/ha - Fertilisation

Type	Seed rate kg/ha	Sowing	Fertilisation	Measures
	30	09.04.2021	no fertilisation	Cambridge roller: 09.04.2021 Harvest first cut:

Flowers 30%

Types in the mixture	Family	Proportion in the mix %
Common yarrow (Achillea millefolium)	Composite (Asteraceae)	1,0
Wild beaked parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris)	Umbellifer (Apiaceae)	0,5
Rambling Bellflower (Campanula patula)	Campanula (Campanulaceae)	0,1
Caraway (Carum carvi)	Umbellifer (Apiaceae)	2,5
Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)	Composite(Asteraceae)	2,0
Brown knapweed (Centaurea jacea)	Composite (Asteraceae)	2,0
Raugh hawksbeard (Crepis biennis)	Composite (Asteraceae)	0,7
Wild carrot (Daucus carota)	Umbellifer (Apiaceae)	1,8
White bedstraw (Galium album)	Bedstraw (Rubiaceae)	2,0
Hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium)	Umbellifer (Apiaceae)	0,4
Field scabiosa (Knautia arvensis)	Honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae)	1,0
Raugh hawkbit (Leontodon hispidus)	Composite (Asteraceae)	0,3
Common daisy (Leucanthemum ircutianum/vulgare)	Composite (Asteraceae)	2,5
Birds-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)	Legume (Fabaceae)	1,2
Cuckoo flower (Lychnis flos-cuculi)	Pinks (Caryophyllaceae)	0,5
Musk mallow (Malva moschata)	Mallow (Malvaceae)	0,5
Red poppy (Papaver rhoeas)	Poppy (Papaveraceae)	1,0
Great burnet-saxifrage (Pimpinella major)	Umbellifer (Apiaceae)	0,4
Buckhorn (Plantago lanceolata)	Plantain (Plantaginaceae)	2,5
Common self-heal (Prunella vulgaris)	Mint (Lamiaceae)	1,3
Common sorrel (Rumex acetosa)	Knotweed (Polygonaceae)	0,8
Meadow clary (Salvia pratensis)	Mint (Lamiaceae)	1,0
Great burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis)	Rose (Rosaceae)	0,4
Autumn hawkbit (Scorzoneroides autumnalis)	Composite (Asteraceae)	0,3
Red campion (Silene dioica)	Pinks (Caryophyllaceae)	0,5
Meadow salsify (Tragopogon pratensis)	Composite (Asteraceae)	1,2
Bladder campion (Silene vulgaris)	Pinks (Caryophyllaceae)	1,0
Red clover (Trifolium pratense)	Legume (Fabaceae)	0,6

Grasses 70%

Types in the mixture	Family	Proportion in the mix %
Common bent grass (Agrostis capillaris)	True grasses (Poaceae)	2,0
Yellow foxtail grass (Alopecurus pratensis)	True grasses (Poaceae)	3,0
Buffalo grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum)	True grasses (Poaceae)	4,0
Tall oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatius)	True grasses (Poaceae)	2,0
Barley brome (Bromus hordeaceus)	True grasses (Poaceae)	4,0
Crested dogtail grass (Cynosurus cristatus)	True grasses (Poaceae)	5,0
Cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata)	True grasses (Poaceae)	2,0
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis)	True grasses (Poaceae)	8,0
Red fescue (Festuca rubra)	True grasses (Poaceae)	17,0
Downy oatgrass (Helictotrichon pubescens)	True grasses (Poaceae)	2,0
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)	True grasses (Poaceae)	5,0
Narrow-leaved meadow grass (Poa angustifolia)	True grasses (Poaceae)	13,0
Golden oatgrass (Trisetum flavescens)	True grasses (Poaceae)	3,0

Herb-rich grass mixture Fertilisation 2

Herb-rich grass mixture extensive use

2 cuts, 30 kg N/ha - Fertilisation

Type	Seed rate kg/ha	Sowing	Fertilisation	Measures
	30	09.04.2021	KAS (27%) 30 kg N/ha: 27.03.2025	Cambridge roller: 09.04.2021 Harvest first cut:

Flowers 30%

Types in the mixture	Family	Proportion in the mix %
Common yarrow (Achillea millefolium)	Composite (Asteraceae)	1,0
Wild beaked parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris)	Umbellifer (Apiaceae)	0,5
Rambling Bellflower (Campanula patula)	Campanula (Campanulaceae)	0,1
Caraway (Carum carvi)	Umbellifer (Apiaceae)	2,5
Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)	Composite(Asteraceae)	2,0
Brown knapweed (Centaurea jacea)	Composite (Asteraceae)	2,0
Raugh hawksbeard (Crepis biennis)	Composite (Asteraceae)	0,7
Wild carrot (Daucus carota)	Umbellifer (Apiaceae)	1,8
White bedstraw (Galium album)	Bedstraw (Rubiaceae)	2,0
Hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium)	Umbellifer (Apiaceae)	0,4
Field scabiosa (Knautia arvensis)	Honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae)	1,0
Raugh hawkbit (Leontodon hispidus)	Composite (Asteraceae)	0,3
Common daisy (Leucanthemum ircutianum/vulgare)	Composite (Asteraceae)	2,5
Birds-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)	Legume (Fabaceae)	1,2
Cuckoo flower (Lychnis flos-cuculi)	Pinks (Caryophyllaceae)	0,5
Musk mallow (Malva moschata)	Mallow (Malvaceae)	0,5
Red poppy (Papaver rhoeas)	Poppy (Papaveraceae)	1,0
Great burnet-saxifrage (Pimpinella major)	Umbellifer (Apiaceae)	0,4
Buckhorn (Plantago lanceolata)	Plantain (Plantaginaceae)	2,5
Common self-heal (Prunella vulgaris)	Mint (Lamiaceae)	1,3
Common sorrel (Rumex acetosa)	Knotweed (Polygonaceae)	0,8
Meadow clary (Salvia pratensis)	Mint (Lamiaceae)	1,0
Great burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis)	Rose (Rosaceae)	0,4
Autumn hawkbit (Scorzoneroides autumnalis)	Composite (Asteraceae)	0,3
Red campion (Silene dioica)	Pinks (Caryophyllaceae)	0,5
Meadow salsify (Tragopogon pratensis)	Composite (Asteraceae)	1,2
Bladder campion (Silene vulgaris)	Pinks (Caryophyllaceae)	1,0
Red clover (Trifolium pratense)	Legume (Fabaceae)	0,6

Grasses 70%

Types in the mixture	Family	Proportion in the mix %
Common bent grass (Agrostis capillaris)	True grasses (Poaceae)	2,0
Yellow foxtail grass (Alopecurus pratensis)	True grasses (Poaceae)	3,0
Buffalo grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum)	True grasses (Poaceae)	4,0
Tall oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatius)	True grasses (Poaceae)	2,0
Barley brome (Bromus hordeaceus)	True grasses (Poaceae)	4,0
Crested dogtail grass (Cynosurus cristatus)	True grasses (Poaceae)	5,0
Cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata)	True grasses (Poaceae)	2,0
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis)	True grasses (Poaceae)	8,0
Red fescue (Festuca rubra)	True grasses (Poaceae)	17,0
Downy oatgrass (Helictotrichon pubescens)	True grasses (Poaceae)	2,0
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)	True grasses (Poaceae)	5,0
Narrow-leaved meadow grass (Poa angustifolia)	True grasses (Poaceae)	13,0
Golden oatgrass (Trisetum flavescens)	True grasses (Poaceae)	3,0

Herb-rich grass mixture Fertilisation 3

Herb-rich grass mixture extensive use

2 cuts, 60 kg N/ha - Fertilisation

Type	Seed rate kg/ha	Sowing	Fertilisation	Measures
	30	09.04.2021	KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 27.03.2025	Cambridge roller: 09.04.2021 Harvest first cut:

Flowers 30%

Types in the mixture	Family	Proportion in the mix %
Common yarrow (Achillea millefolium)	Composite (Asteraceae)	1,0
Wild beaked parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris)	Umbellifer (Apiaceae)	0,5
Rambling Bellflower (Campanula patula)	Campanula (Campanulaceae)	0,1
Caraway (Carum carvi)	Umbellifer (Apiaceae)	2,5
Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)	Composite(Asteraceae)	2,0
Brown knapweed (Centaurea jacea)	Composite (Asteraceae)	2,0
Raugh hawksbeard (Crepis biennis)	Composite (Asteraceae)	0,7
Wild carrot (Daucus carota)	Umbellifer (Apiaceae)	1,8
White bedstraw (Galium album)	Bedstraw (Rubiaceae)	2,0
Hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium)	Umbellifer (Apiaceae)	0,4
Field scabiosa (Knautia arvensis)	Honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae)	1,0
Raugh hawkbit (Leontodon hispidus)	Composite (Asteraceae)	0,3
Common daisy (Leucanthemum ircutianum/vulgare)	Composite (Asteraceae)	2,5
Birds-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)	Legume (Fabaceae)	1,2
Cuckoo flower (Lychnis flos-cuculi)	Pinks (Caryophyllaceae)	0,5
Musk mallow (Malva moschata)	Mallow (Malvaceae)	0,5
Red poppy (Papaver rhoeas)	Poppy (Papaveraceae)	1,0
Great burnet-saxifrage (Pimpinella major)	Umbellifer (Apiaceae)	0,4
Buckhorn (Plantago lanceolata)	Plantain (Plantaginaceae)	2,5
Common self-heal (Prunella vulgaris)	Mint (Lamiaceae)	1,3
Common sorrel (Rumex acetosa)	Knotweed (Polygonaceae)	0,8
Meadow clary (Salvia pratensis)	Mint (Lamiaceae)	1,0
Great burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis)	Rose (Rosaceae)	0,4
Autumn hawkbit (Scorzoneroides autumnalis)	Composite (Asteraceae)	0,3
Red campion (Silene dioica)	Pinks (Caryophyllaceae)	0,5
Meadow salsify (Tragopogon pratensis)	Composite (Asteraceae)	1,2
Bladder campion (Silene vulgaris)	Pinks (Caryophyllaceae)	1,0
Red clover (Trifolium pratense)	Legume (Fabaceae)	0,6

Grasses 70%

Types in the mixture	Family	Proportion in the mix %
Common bent grass (Agrostis capillaris)	True grasses (Poaceae)	2,0
Yellow foxtail grass (Alopecurus pratensis)	True grasses (Poaceae)	3,0
Buffalo grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum)	True grasses (Poaceae)	4,0
Tall oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatius)	True grasses (Poaceae)	2,0
Barley brome (Bromus hordeaceus)	True grasses (Poaceae)	4,0
Crested dogtail grass (Cynosurus cristatus)	True grasses (Poaceae)	5,0
Cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata)	True grasses (Poaceae)	2,0
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis)	True grasses (Poaceae)	8,0
Red fescue (Festuca rubra)	True grasses (Poaceae)	17,0
Downy oatgrass (Helictotrichon pubescens)	True grasses (Poaceae)	2,0
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)	True grasses (Poaceae)	5,0
Narrow-leaved meadow grass (Poa angustifolia)	True grasses (Poaceae)	13,0
Golden oatgrass (Trisetum flavescens)	True grasses (Poaceae)	3,0

Intensive grass mixture Fertilisation 1

Grass mixture intensive use

4 cuts, 0 kg N/ha - Fertilisation

Type	Seed rate kg/ha	Sowing	Fertilisation	Measures
GSWU - Cutting and grazing use	30	09.04.2021	no fertilisation	Cambridge roller: 09.04.2021 Harvest first cut: 28.05.2025

Types in the mixture	Family	Proportion in the mix %
Perennial ryegras (Lolium perenne)	True grasses (Poaceae)	6,0
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis)	True grasses (Poaceae)	28,0
Timothy (Phleum pratense)	True grasses (Poaceae)	17,0
Kentucky blue grass (Poa pratensis)	True grasses (Poaceae)	14,0
Yellow foxtail grass (Alopecurus pratensis)	True grasses (Poaceae)	6,0
Red fescue (Festuca rubra)	True grasses (Poaceae)	11,0
Cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata)	True grasses (Poaceae)	6,0
White clover (Trifolium repens)	Legume (Fabaaceae)	9,0
Red clover (Trifolium pratense)	Legume (Fabaaceae)	3,0

Intensive grass mixture Fertilisation 2

Grass mixture intensive use

4 cuts, 30 kg N/ha - Fertilisation

Type	Seed rate kg/ha	Sowing	Fertilisation	Measures
GSWU - Cutting and grazing use	30	09.04.2021	KAS (27%) 30 kg N/ha: 27.03.2025	Cambridge roller: 09.04.2021 Harvest first cut: 28.05.2025

Types in the mixture	Family	Proportion in the mix %
Perennial ryegras (Lolium perenne)	True grasses (Poaceae)	6,0
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis)	True grasses (Poaceae)	28,0
Timothy (Phleum pratense)	True grasses (Poaceae)	17,0
Kentucky blue grass (Poa pratensis)	True grasses (Poaceae)	14,0
Yellow foxtail grass (Alopecurus pratensis)	True grasses (Poaceae)	6,0
Red fescue (Festuca rubra)	True grasses (Poaceae)	11,0
Cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata)	True grasses (Poaceae)	6,0
White clover (Trifolium repens)	Legume (Fabaaceae)	9,0
Red clover (Trifolium pratense)	Legume (Fabaaceae)	3,0

Intensive grass mixture Fertilisation 3

Grass mixture intensive use

4 cuts, 60 kg N/ha - Fertilisation

Type	Seed rate kg/ha	Sowing	Fertilisation	Measures
GSWU - Cutting and grazing use	30	09.04.2021	KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 27.03.2025	Cambridge roller: 09.04.2021 Harvest 1. cut: 28.05.2025

Types in the mixture	Family	Proportion in the mix %
Perennial ryegras (Lolium perenne)	True grasses (Poaceae)	6,0
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis)	True grasses (Poaceae)	28,0
Timothy (Phleum pratense)	True grasses (Poaceae)	17,0
Kentucky blue grass (Poa pratensis)	True grasses (Poaceae)	14,0
Yellow foxtail grass (Alopecurus pratensis)	True grasses (Poaceae)	6,0
Red fescue (Festuca rubra)	True grasses (Poaceae)	11,0
Cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata)	True grasses (Poaceae)	6,0
White clover (Trifolium repens)	Legume (Fabaaceae)	9,0
Red clover (Trifolium pratense)	Legume (Fabaaceae)	3,0

Renewable raw materials and energy crops

Bioeconomy is the guiding theme of the University of Hohenheim. It is the vision of a sustainable economy in which renewable, biological instead of fossil raw materials are used to secure the supply of food, various products and energy for the population. The preservation of biodiversity is an important goal.

Short rotation crops

Willows and poplars are among the fast-growing tree species that may be grown on arable land. They have their strongest biomass growth in the first years after planting or harvesting and can therefore be harvested in "short rotation", i.e. repeatedly every 3-6 years. During harvesting, the entire tree is cut off about 15 cm above the ground and the trunks and branches are either laid down to dry or directly processed into chaff. The harvested biomass contains about 45% cellulose and 15% lignin. This makes it particularly suitable for paper production or for heat generation through combustion.

Willow

Willow (Salix)

Family: Willow family (Salicaceae)

Type	Plants / m²	Plantation	Fertilisation	Measures
Willow	16 (Double row 40cm) Plant rows spacing 120 cm	26.02.2019	23.03.2021 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27%) KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 15.03.2022 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 23.03.2023 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 21.03.2024 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 27.03.2025	Interrow Cultivator: 17.03.2020 Interrow Cultivator: 14.04.2020 14.02.2024 1. harvest

Poplar

Poplar (Populus)

Family: Willow family (Salicaceae)

Type	Plants / m²	Plantation	Fertilisation	Measures
Poplar	16 (Double row40cm) Plant rows spacing 120 cm	26.02.2019	23.03.2021 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27%) KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 14.03.2022 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 23.03.2023 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 21.03.2024 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 27.03.2025	Interrow Cultivator: 17.03.2020 14.02.2024 1. harvest

Perennial biomass grasses

After planting, perennial grasses can be harvested annually for up to 10 years, such as switchgrass, or 20 years, such as miscanthus. Both miscanthus and switchgrass belong to the heat-loving grasses and are characterised by a very high biomass yield. The biomass contains about 40% cellulose and 20% lignin. In China, where miscanthus occurs naturally, it is processed into paper or building materials. In Germany, miscanthus is currently used mainly as a fuel for heat generation. In the future, however, it will also be used in other ways, for example as a biogas substrate and animal bedding or for the production of ethanol, composite materials and lightweight concrete.

Miscanthus

Miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus)

Family: True Grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Plants / m²	Plantation	Fertilisation	Measures
Miscanthus	2	April 2019	24.03.2020 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27%) 23.03.2021 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27%) KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 14.03.2022 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 23.03.2023 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 21.03.2024 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 27.03.2025	Interrow Cultivator: 14.04.2020

Switchgrass

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Plants / m²	Plantation	Fertilisation	Measures
Switchgrass	10	20.03.2019	24.03.2020 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27%) 23.03.2021 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27%) KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 14.03.2022 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 23.03.2023 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 21.03.2024 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 27.03.2025	Interrow Cultivator: 07.04.2020

The flower-rich, Cup plant is native to North America and was already studied in Russia in the mid-20th century as a fodder plant for ruminants, but was found to be useless because it did not taste good to the animals. In the last two decades, however, it has been found that the taste does not matter to biogas plants and Cup plant is therefore well suited as a biogas substrate. Cup plant provides high annual biomass yields from the second year of establishment and provides plenty of food for pollinating insects during flowering. Cup plant has also been recognised as a greening measure since 2018. This means that farms that cultivate Cup plant are "rewarded" with about 60 € per hectare and year.

Cup plant

Cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum)

Family: Composite (Asteraceae)

Type	Plants / m²	Plantation	Fertilisation	Measures
Cup plant	4	April 2019	24.03.2020 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27%) 23.03.2021 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27%) KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 14.03.2022 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 23.03.2023 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 21.03.2024 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 27.03.2025	Interrow Cultivator: 24.03.2020

Perennial biomass plant mixtures

Biogas wild plant mixtures (WPM) contain annual, biennial and perennial flowering and predominantly wild plant species that are suitable for use as biogas substrates but have not yet been used as such. The WPM can significantly reduce tillage intensity over five to seven years. No pesticides are applied, with the possible exception of herbicides in the year of sowing. Even with lower annual biogas yields of WPM compared to maize, WPM can thus break up maize-emphasised crop rotations and enhance them from many social and ecological aspects (food for pollinator insects, habitat for small game, groundwater protection, landscape).

Wild and cultivated plant mix

Biogas BG 90 - perennial

Seed mix for biogas production

Sowing: April 2019

Seed rate: 10 kg/ha (Seeding aid in the mixture 30%)

Types in the mixture	Proportion in the mix %	Fertilisation	Measures
Marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis) Family: Mallow (Malvaceae)	7,5	23.03.2021 60 kg N/ha (KAS 27%) KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 14.03.2022 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 23.03.2023 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 21.03.2024 KAS (27%) 60 kg N/ha: 27.03.2025	Harrow: 06.04.2020
Yellow chamomile (Anthemis tinctoria) Family: Composite (Asteraceae)	1,5
Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) Family: Composite (Asteraceae)	0,5
Black knapweed (Centaurea nigra) Family: Composite (Asteraceae)	7,0
Blue sailors (Cichorium intybus) Family: Composite (Asteraceae)	1,5
Eastern carrot (Daucus carota) Family: Umbellifer (Apiceae)	0,5
Wild teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris) Family: Honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae)	0,5
Blueweed (Echium vulgare) Family: Heliotrope (Boraginaceae)
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Family: Umbellifer (Apiceae)	3,5
Mauritania mallow (Malva sylvestris var. mauritania) Family: Mallow (Malvaceae)	3,5
Common mallow (Malva sylvestris) Family: Mallow (Malvaceae)	6,0
Lucerne (Medicago sativa) Family: Legume (Fabaceae)	2,0
Bokhara clover (Melilotus albus) Family: Legume (Fabaceae)	5,0
Yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) Family: Legume (Fabaceae)	5,0
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) Family: Legume (Fabaceae)	8,0
Yellow weed (Reseda luteola) Family: Migonette (Resadaceae)	0,3
White campion (Silene latifolia alba) Family: Pinks (Caryophyllaceae)	1,0
Red campion (Silene dioica) Family: Pinks (Caryophyllaceae)	1,0
Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) Family: Composite (Asteraceae)	5,0
Mullein (Verbascum) Family: Figwort (Scrophulariaceae)	0,2