Cultivation of silage maize, winter wheat and winter rape under the influence of omitted fertilisation

Influence of omitted fertilisation with the nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) as well as the influence of omitted liming.

There are six experimental variants with different mineral fertilisation:

Variant 1:
full fertilisation
Variant 2:
without N
Variant 3:
without P
Variant 4:
without K
Variant 5:
without lime
Variant 6:
no fertilisation

The trial is embedded in a three-field crop rotation:

Silage Maize
Winter wheat
Winter rape

Cultivation overview Block 1

Variant 5 - without lime

Cultivation 2024/2025

Type                     VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresFertilisationPlant protection
MaizeRonaldino

Sowing:

Germination:

06.02.2019 30 kg P/ha (Superphosphat 18%) 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

17.03.2020 30 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 

21.02.2023 40 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

04.09.2023 60 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

 stained

Variant 6 - no fertilisation

Cultivation 2024/2025

Type                     VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresPlant protection
MaizeRonaldino

Sowing:

Germination:

 stained

Variant 2 - without nitrogen

Cultivation 2024/2025

Type                     VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresFertilisationPlant protection
MaizeRonaldino

Sowing:

Germination:

22.10.2018 600 kg/ha CaO (Carbokalk 27%)

06.02.2019 30 kg P/ha (Superphosphat 18%) 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

17.03.2020 30 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

21.02.2023 40 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

04.09.2023 60 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%) 600 kg CaO/ha (Kohlensaurer Kalk 45%)

 stained

Variant 1 - Full fertilisation

Cultivation 2024/2025

Type    VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresFertilisationPlant protection
MaizeRonaldino

Sowing:

Germination:

 

22.10.2018 600 kg/ha CaO (Carbokalk 27%)

06.02.2019 30 kg P/ha (Superphosphat 18%) 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

17.03.2020 30 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

21.02.2023 40 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

04.09.2023 60 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%) 600 kg CaO/ha (Kohlensaurer Kalk 45%)

 stained

Variant 4 - without potassium

Anbau 2024/2025

Type                     VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresFertilisationPlant protection
MaizeRonaldino

Sowing:

Germination:  

22.10.2018 600 kg/ha CaO (Carbokalk 27%)

06.02.2019 30 kg P/ha (Superphosphat 18%)

17.03.2020 30 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%)

21.02.2023 40 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%)

04.09.2023 60 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%)  600 kg CaO/ha (Kohlensaurer Kalk 45%)

stained

Variant 3 - without phosphorus

Cultivation 2024/2025

Type                     VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresFertilisationPlant protection
MaizeRonaldino

Sowing:

Germination:

22.10.2018 600 kg/ha CaO (Carbokalk 27%)

06.02.2019 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

17.03.2020 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

21.02.2023 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

04.09.2023 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%) 600 kg CaO/ha (Kohlensaurer Kalk 45%)

 stained

Cultivation overview Block 2

Variant 4 - without potassium

Anbau 2024/2025

Type         VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresFertilisationPlant protection

Winter wheat (E)

RGT Ponticus32040,696135,3

Sowing:

Germination: 

17.03.2020 30 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%)

02.08.2021 600 kg/ha CaO (Carbokalk 27%)

03.08.2021 30 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%)

07.09.2023 60 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 600 kg CaO/ha (Kohlensaurer Kalk 45%)

 

not stained

Variant 5 - without lime

Cultivation 2024/2025

Type        VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresFertilisationPlant protection
Winter wheat (E)RGT Ponticus32040,696135,3

Sowing:

Germination:

17.03.2020 30 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

03.08.2021 30 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

07.09.2023 60 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

not stained

Variant 3 - without phosphorus

Cultivation 2024/2025

Type       VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresFertilisationPlant protection
Winter wheat (E)RGT Ponticus32040,696135,3

Sowing:

Germination:

17.03.2020 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

02.08.2021 600 kg/ha (Carbokalk 27%)

03.08.2021 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

07.09.2023 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%) 600 kg CaO/ha (Kohlensaurer Kalk 45%)

not stained

Variant 6 - no fertilisation

Cultivation 2024/2025

Type              VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresPlant protection
Winter wheat (E)RGT Ponticus32040,696135,3

Sowing:

Germination:

not stained

Variant 1 - Full fertilisation

Cultivation 2024/2025

Type      VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresFertilisationPlant protection

Winter wheat (E)

RGT Ponticus32040,696135,3

Sowing:

Germination:

17.03.2020 30 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

02.08.2021 600 kg/ha (Carbokalk 27%)

03.08.2021 30 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

07.09.2023 60 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%) 600 kg CaO/ha (Kohlensaurer Kalk 45%)

not stained

Variant 2 - without nitrogen

Cultivation 2024/2025

Type             VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresFertilisationPlant protection
Winter wheat (E)RGT Ponticus32040,696135,3

Sowing:

Germination:

17.03.2020 30 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

02.08.2021 600 kg/ha (Carbokalk 27%)

03.08.2021 30 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

07.09.2023 60 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%) 600 kg CaO/ha (Kohlensaurer Kalk 45%)

not stained

Cultivation overview Block 3

Variant 6 - no fertilisation

Cultivation 2024/2025

Type                     VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresPlant protection
Winter rape (Hybrid)Triple556,8934,0

Sowing: 29.08.2024

Cambridge roller: 29.08.2024

Germination:

stained

 

 

 

 

Variant 2 - without nitrogen

Cultivation 2024/2025

Type                     VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresFertilisationPlant protection
Winter rape (Hybrid)Triple556,8934,0

Sowing: 29.08.2024

Cambridge roller: 29.08.2024

Germination:

08.08.2019 30 kg P/ha (Superphosphat 18%) 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

08.08.2019 60 dt/ha Carbokalk

03.08.2021 30 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

02.08.2021 60 dt/ha Carbokalk

21.02.2023 40 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

04.09.2023 60 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%) 600 kg CaO/ha (Kohlensaurer Kalk 45%)

26.08.2024     562 kg CaO/ha Carbo-Kalk

28.08.2024 80 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 100 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

stained

Variant 3 - without phosphorus

Cultivation 2024/2025

Type                     VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresFertilisationPlant protection
Winter rape (Hybrid)Triple556,8934,0

Sowing: 29.08.2024

Cambridge roller: 29.08.2024

Germination:

08.08.2019 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

08.08.2019 60 dt/ha Carbokalk

03.08.2021 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

02.08.2021 60 dt/ha Carbokalk

21.02.2023 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

04.09.2023 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%) 600 kg CaO/ha (Kohlensaurer Kalk 45%)

26.08.2024     562 kg CaO/ha Carbo-Kalk

28.08.2024 100 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

 

stained

Variant 4 - without potassium

Anbau 2024/2025

Type                     VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresFertilisationPlant protection
Winter rape (Hybrid)Triple556,8934,0

Sowing: 29.08.2024

Cambridge roller: 29.08.2024

Germination:

 

08.08.2019 30 kg P/ha (Superphosphat 18%)

08.08.2019 60 dt/ha Carbokalk

03.08.2021 30 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%)

02.08.2021 60 dt/ha Carbokalk

 21.02.2023 40 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%)

04.09.2023 60 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 600 kg CaO/ha (Kohlensaurer Kalk 45%)

26.08.2024     562 kg CaO/ha Carbo-Kalk

28.08.2024 80 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%)

 

 

stained

Variant 5 - without lime

Cultivation 2024/2025

Type                     VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresFertilisationPlant protection
Winter rape (Hybrid)Triple556,8934,0

Sowing: 29.08.2024

Cambridge roller: 29.08.2024

Germination:

08.08.2019 30 kg P/ha (Superphosphat 18%) 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

03.08.2021 30 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

21.02.2023 40 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

04.09.2023 60 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

28.08.2024 80 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 100 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

stained

Variant 1 - Full fertilisation

Cultivation 2024/2025

Type                     VarietyGrains/m²TKGKF %Seed rate kg/haMeasuresFertilisationPlant protection
Winter rape (Hybrid)Triple556,8934,0

Sowing: 29.08.2024

Cambridge roller: 29.08.2024

Germination:

08.08.2019 30 kg P/ha (Superphosphat 18%) 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

08.08.2019 60 dt/ha Carbokalk

03.08.2021 30 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 30 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

02.08.2021 60 dt/ha Carbokalk

21.02.2023 40 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

04.09.2023 60 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 40 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%) 600 kg CaO/ha (Kohlensaurer Kalk 45%)

26.08.2024     562 kg CaO/ha Carbo-Kalk

28.08.2024 80 kg P/ha (Triple-Superphosphat 45%) 100 kg K/ha (Korn-Kali 60%)

 

stained