Carbohydrate-rich grains: Educational Garden Agricultural Sciences

Carbohydrate-rich grains Winter and summer types

Wheat and barley were already cultivated in Mesopotamia 10,000 years ago. From there they began a triumphal march across all temperate climate zones of the earth. Oats and rye are secondary crops. They were initially "weeds" in the cereals and were only cultivated and selected by chance. Today, cereals play a very important role in human nutrition worldwide. They are a raw material for baked goods and pasta, an important source for animal feed and - last but not least - they provide the raw material for beer production.

Cultivation overview Winter types 2025/2026

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Plant protection
Winter feed barley 2-row	SU Laubella	295	56,6	98	170,4	Sowing: Germination:	stained with Vibrance Trio
Winter feed barley 6-row	Winnie	265	53,0	98	143,3	Sowing: Germination:	not stained
Winter malting barley 2-row	KWS Donau	320	48,3	98	160,2	Sowing: Germination:	not stained
Winter malting barley 6-row	KWS Faro	290	42,3	97	126,5	Sowing: Germination:	not stained
Winter Oat	KWS Snowbird	335	38,0	99	128,6	Sowing: Germination:	not stained
Winter rye (Population)	Dukato	260	43,9	92	124,1	Sowing: Germination:	stained with Vibrance Trio
Winter rye (Hybrid)	SU Erling	260	27,6	97	74,0	Sowing: Germination:	stained with Vibrance Trio
Winter Hybrid wheat A	SU Hymalaya	180	46,0	96	86,3	Sowing: Germination:	stained with Vibrance Trio
Winter wheat B	Chevignon	320	44,0	93	151,4	Sowing: Germination:	not stained
Winter wheat E (awned)	Exsal	350	47,0	89	184,8	Sowing: Germination:	stained
Winter triticale	Bicross	43,0	07	133,0		Sowing: Germination:	stained with Landor CT
Winter rye (Population)	Dukato	260	43,9	94	121,4	Sowing: Germination:	stained with Vibrance Trio
Winter wheat C (brewing suitability)	KWS Keitum	320	57,8	93	198,9	Sowing: Germination:	stained
Winter spelt	Wintersonne	390	44,9	95	184,3	Sowing: Germination:	not stained
Emmer	Roter Heidfelder	320		95		Sowing: Germination:	not stained
Einkorn	Monomax	280	24,8	94	73,9	Sowing: Germination:	not stained
Winter Durum wheat	Späths Albrubin	295	45,3	92	145,3	Sowing: Germination:	not stained

Winter types and varieties

Winter feed barley2-row SU Laubella

Winter feed barley (Hordeum vulgare var. distichon)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of barley:

Leaf ears: long, completely enclosing the stem, without cilia

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow (1-2 mm), slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned (to 15 cm long), Shapes: two-rowed, multi-rowed, hanging when ripe

Grain: yellow, pointed oval, glumes fused with grain, no whiskers

Tutorial Barley

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter feed barley 2-row	SU Laubella	295	56,6	98	170,4	Sowing: Germination:		stained with Vibrance Trio

Winter feed barley 6-row Winnie

Winter feed barley (Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of barley:

Leaf ears: long, completely enclosing the stem, without cilia

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow (1-2 mm), slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned (to 15 cm long), Shapes: two-rowed, multi-rowed, hanging when ripe

Grain: yellow, pointed oval, glumes fused with grain, no whiskers

Tutorial Barley

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter feed barley 6-row	Winnie	265	53,0	98	143,3	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Winter malting barley 2-row KWS Donau

Winter malting barley (Hordeum vulgare var. distichon)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of barley:

Leaf ears: long, completely enclosing the stem, without cilia

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow (1-2 mm), slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned (to 15 cm long), Shapes: two-rowed, multi-rowed, hanging when ripe

Grain: yellow, pointed oval, glumes fused with grain, no whiskers

Tutorial Barley

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter malting barley 2-row	KWS Donau	325	48,3	98	160,2	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Winter malting barley 6-row KWS Faro

Winter malting barley (Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of barley:

Leaf ears: long, completely enclosing the stem, without cilia

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow (1-2 mm), slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned (to 15 cm long), Shapes: two-rowed, multi-rowed, hanging when ripe

Grain: yellow, pointed oval, glumes fused with grain, no whiskers

Tutorial barley

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter malting barley 6-row	KWS Faro	290	42,3	97	126,5	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Winter oat KWS Snowbird

Winter oat (Avena sativa)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of oat:

Leaf ears: none

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow-medium, fringed, toothed

Infructescence: Panicle

Grain: yellow hulled, white hulled or blackhulled, elongated, whiskers on dehusked grain

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter oat	KWS Snowbird	335	38,0	99	128,6	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Winter rye Dukato (Population)

Winter rye (Secale cereale)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of Rye:

Leaf auricle: short, not enclosing the stem, not ciliated.

Ligule: narrow, hardly visible

Inflorescence: spike with a border, pendulous

Grain: bluish-green, narrow elongated

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter rye (Population)	Dukato	260	43,9	92	124,1	Sowing: Germination:		stained with Vibrance Trio

Winter rye SU Erling (Hybrid)

Winter rye (Secale cereale)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KFxFA %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter rye (Hybrid)	SU Erling	260	27,6	97	74,0	Sowing: Germination:		stained with: Vibrance Trio

Cultivation overview Spring types 2024/2025

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring malting barley 2-row	KWS Jessie	330	53,3	98	179,5	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.
Oat yellow hulled	Platin	350	40,2	94	149,7	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	stained with: Vibrance Trio 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.
Oat white hulled	Scotty	360	36,8	95	139,5	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	stained with: Vibrance Trio 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.
Oat black hulled	Zorro	310	28,4	90	97,8	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	stained with: Vibrance Trio 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.
Spring rey	Ovid	350	35,9	88	142,8	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.
Spring triticale	SU Carl	410	41,1	95	177,4	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	stained 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.
Spring wheat A	Quintus	400	42,0	97	173,2	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.
Spring wheat B	KWS Jordum	400	44,6	99	189,2	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.
Spring wheat E	KWS Carusum	400	49,0	897	200,0	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.
Spring durum wheat	Duralis	370	46,3	93	184,2	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.
Khorasan-wheat (Kamut)		350	57,3	84	238,8	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 40 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained
Buckwheat	Ramsch x Duvyatka		33,2	95	62,9	Sowing: 29.04.2025 Germination: 08.05.2025		not stained
Quinoa	Titicaca	80			2,6	Sowing: 29.04.2025 Germination: 15.05.2025	08.05.2025 30 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained
Amaranth	Bärenkraft	60			0,8	Sowing: 29.04.2025 Germination: 15.05.2025	08.05.2025 30 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained
Teff		4000			14,1	Sowing: 29.04.2025 Germination:	08.05.2025 30 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained
Maize KWS Otto		10	356,0	98	36,3	Sowing: 28.04.2025 Germination: 13.05.2025	08.05.2025 100 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 27.05.2025 1,5 l/ha MaisTer power
Maize KWS Nostro		10	290,0	100	29,0	Sowing: 28.04.2025 Germination: 13.05.2025	08.05.2025 100 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 27.05.2025 1,5 l/ha MaisTer power
Sorghum KWS Lupus		35	34,5	83	14,5	Sowing: 29.04.2025 Germination: 13.05.2025	08.05.2025 60 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 27.05.2025 1,25 l/ha Spectrum, 2,5 l/ha Stomp Aqua
Sorghum KWS Kallisto		35	30,0	95	11,1	Sowing: 29.04.2025 Germination: 13.05.2025	08.05.2025 60 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 27.05.2025 1,25 l/ha Spectrum, 2,5 l/ha Stomp Aqua
Sorghum RGT Amiggo		35				Sowing: 29.04.2025 Germination: 13.05.2025	08.05.2025 60 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	stained 27.05.2025 1,25 l/ha Spectrum, 2,5 l/ha Stomp Aqua

Spring types and varieties

Spring malting barley 2-row KWS Jessie

Spring malting barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of barley:

Leaf ears: long, completely enclosing the stem, without cilia

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow (1-2 mm), slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned (to 15 cm long), Shapes: two-rowed, multi-rowed, hanging when ripe

Grain: yellow, pointed oval, glumes fused with grain, no whiskers

Tutorial Gerste

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring malting barley 2-row	KWS Jessie	330	53,3	98	179,5	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.

Oat yellow hulled Platin

Oat yellow hulled (Avena sativa var. aurea)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of oat:

Leaf ears: none

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow-medium, fringed, toothed

Infructescence: Panicle

Grain: yellow hulled, white hulled or blackhulled, elongated, whiskers on dehusked grain

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Oat yellow hulled	Platin	350	40,2	94	149,7	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	stained with: Vibrance Trio 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.

Oat white hulled Scotty

Oat white hulled (Avena sativa var. alba)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of oat:

Leaf ears: none

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow-medium, fringed, toothed

Infructescence: Panicle

Grain: yellow hulled, white hulled or blackhulled, elongated, whiskers on dehusked grain

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Oat white hulled	Scotty	360	36,8	95	139,5	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	staine with: Vibrance Trio 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.

Oat black hulled Zorro

Oat black hulled (Avena sativa var. nigra)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of oat:

Leaf ears: none

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow-medium, fringed, toothed

Infructescence: Panicle

Grain: yellow hulled, white hulled or blackhulled, elongated, whiskers on dehusked grain

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Oat black hulled	Zorro	310	28,4	90	97,8	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	stained with: Vibrance Trio 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.

Spring rey Ovid

Spring rey (Secale cereale)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring rey	Ovid	350	31,7	95	116,8	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.

Spring triticale SU Carl

Spring triticale (Triticosecale)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of triticale:

Leaf auricle: short to medium long, unciliated

Ligule: narrow to medium in size, slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned

Grain: pointed oval

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring triticale	SU Carl	410	52,8	90	240,5	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	stained 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.

Spring wheat Quintus

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of wheat:

Leaf ears: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliate

Leaf ligule (Ligula): medium size, serrated

Infructescence: Spike not awned and round, exception: awnded wheat variety

Grain: brown-yellow to reddish, oval, medium-length whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring durum A	Quintus	400	42,0	97	173,2	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.

Spring wheat KWS Jordum

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of wheat:

Leaf ears: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliate

Leaf ligule (Ligula): medium size, serrated

Infructescence: Spike not awned and round, exception: awnded wheat variety

Grain: brown-yellow to reddish, oval, medium-length whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring wheat B	KWS Jordum	400	44,6	99	180,2	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.

Spring wheat KWS Carusum

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of wheat:

Leaf ears: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliate

Leaf ligule (Ligula): medium size, serrated

Infructescence: Spike not awned and round, exception: awnded wheat variety

Grain: brown-yellow to reddish, oval, medium-length whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring wheat E	KWS Carusum	400	49,0	98	200,0	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.

Spring durum Duralis

Spring durum (Triticum durum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics Durum wheat:

Leaf auricle: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliated

Ligule: medium sized, toothed

Infructescence: spike with margins, awns up to 20 cm

Grain: glassy, elongated pointed

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring durum	Duralis	370	46,3	93	184,2	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 17.04.2025 70 g/ha Biathlon 4D + 1l/ha Dash E.C.

Khorasan wheat (Kamut)

Khorasan wheat (Triticum turanicum)

Kamut

Familie: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Khorasan-wheat (Kamut)		350	57,3	84	238,8	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination: 07.04.2025	23.04.2025 80 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)

Buckwheat

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)

Family: Polygonaceae (Polygonaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Buck wheat	Ramsch Devyatka		33,2	95	62,9	Sowing: 29.04.2025 Germination: 08.05.2025

Quinoa (en)

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)

Family: Amaranthaceae (Amaranthaceae)

Tutorial Ouinoa

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Quinoa	Titicaca	80			2,6	Sowing: 29.04.2025 Germination: 15.05.2025	08.05.2025 30 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)

Amaranth (en)

Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus)

Family: Amaranthaceae (Amaranthaceae)

Tutorial Amaranth

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Amaranth	Bärenkraft	60			0,8	Sowing: 29.04.2025 Germination: 15.05.2025	08.05.2025 30 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)

Teff (en)

Teff (Eragrostis teff)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Teff		4000			14,1	Sowing: 29.04.2025 Germination:	08.05.2025 30 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)

Maize KWS Otto

Maize (Zea mays)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Variety: KWS Otto

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Maize (FAO: Maize for silage: 240 / Energy maize)	KWS Otto	10	356,0	98	36,3	Sowing: 28.04.2025 Germination: 13.05.2025	08.05.2025 100 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 27.05.2025 1,5 l/ha MaisTer power

Maize KWS Nostro

Maize (Zea mays)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Mais (FAO: Maize for silage: 250 / Grain Maize: 240)	KWS Nostro	10	290,0	100	29,0	Sowing: 28.04.2025 Germination: 13.05.2025	08.05.2025 100 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 27.05.2025 1,5 l/ha MaisTer power

Sorghum KWS Lupus

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Panicle type: compact

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Sorghum	KWS Lupus	35	34,5	83	14,5	Sowing: 29.04.2025 Germination: 13.05.2025	08.05.2025 60 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	27.05.2025 1,25 l/ha Spectrum, 2,5 l/ha Stomp Aqua

Sorghum KWS Kallisto

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Sorghum	KWS Kallisto	35	30,0	95	11,1	Sowing: 29.04.2025 Germination: 13.05.2025	08.05.2025 60 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	not stained 27.05.2025 1,25 l/ha Spectrum, 2,5 l/ha Stomp Aqua

Sorghum RGT Amiggo

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Panicle type: open

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Sorghum	RGT Amiggo	25				Sowing: 29.04.2025 Germination: 13.05.2025	08.05.2025 60 kg N/ha (Entec 26%)	27.05.2025 1,25 l/ha Spectrum, 2,5 l/ha Stomp Aqua