Carbohydrate-rich grains: Educational Garden Agricultural Sciences

Carbohydrate-rich grains Winter and summer types

Wheat and barley were already cultivated in Mesopotamia 10,000 years ago. From there they began a triumphal march across all temperate climate zones of the earth. Oats and rye are secondary crops. They were initially "weeds" in the cereals and were only cultivated and selected by chance. Today, cereals play a very important role in human nutrition worldwide. They are a raw material for baked goods and pasta, an important source for animal feed and - last but not least - they provide the raw material for beer production.

Cultivation overview Winter types 2024/2025

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Plant protection
Winter feed barley 2-row	Bordeaux	320	49,0	99	158,4	Sowing: 23.09.2024 Germination: 01.10.2024	stained with Rubin Plus 21.10.2024 4,0 l/ha Malibu
Winter feed barley 6-row	SU Midnight	285	50,6	97	148,7	Sowing: 23.09.2024 Germination: 01.10.2024	stained with Vibrance Trio 21.10.2024 4,0 l/ha Malibu
Winter malting barley 2-row	Sonja	320	40,4	95	136,2	Sowing: 23.09.2024 Germination: 01.10.2024	stained 21.10.2024 4,0 l/ha Malibu
Winter malting barley 6-row	KWS Faro	290	33,9	97	101,4	Sowing: 23.09.2024 Germination: 01.10.2024	not stained 21.10.2024 4,0 l/ha Malibu
Winter Oat	KWS Snowbird	335	35,9	91	132,2	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 22.11.2024	not stained
Winter Hybrid wheat A	SU Hymalaya	180	46,0	96	86,3	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 22.11.2024	stained with Vibrance Trio
Winter wheat B	Chevignon	320	44,0	93	151,4	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 22.11.2024	not stained
Winter wheat E (awned)	Exsal	350	47,0	89	184,8	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 19.11.2024	stained
Winter triticale	Bicross	43,0	07	133,0		Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 19.11.2024	stained with Landor CT
Winter rye (Population)	Dukato	260	43,9	94	121,4	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 19.11.2024	stained with Vibrance Trio
Winter wheat C (brewing suitability)	KWS Keitum	320	57,8	93	198,9	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 19.11.2024	stained
Winter spelt	Wintersonne	390	44,9	95	184,3	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 19.11.2024	not stained
Emmer	Roter Heidfelder	320		95		Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 22.11.2024	not stained
Einkorn	Monomax	280	24,8	94	73,9	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 22.11.2024	not stained
Winter Durum wheat	Späths Albrubin	295	45,3	92	145,3	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 19.11.2024	not stained

Winter types and varieties

Winter feed barley2-row Bordeaux

Winter feed barley (Hordeum vulgare var. distichon)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of barley:

Leaf ears: long, completely enclosing the stem, without cilia

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow (1-2 mm), slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned (to 15 cm long), Shapes: two-rowed, multi-rowed, hanging when ripe

Grain: yellow, pointed oval, glumes fused with grain, no whiskers

Tutorial Barley

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter feed barley 2-row	Bordeaux	320	49,0	99	158,4	Sowing: 23.09.2024 Germination: 01.10.2024		stained with Rubin Plus 21.10.2024 4,0 l/ha Malibu

Winter feed barley 6-row SU Midnight

Winter feed barley (Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of barley:

Leaf ears: long, completely enclosing the stem, without cilia

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow (1-2 mm), slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned (to 15 cm long), Shapes: two-rowed, multi-rowed, hanging when ripe

Grain: yellow, pointed oval, glumes fused with grain, no whiskers

Tutorial Barley

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter feed barley 6-row	SU Midnight	285	50,6	97	148,7	Sowing: 23.09.2024 Germination: 01.10.2024		stained with Vibrance Trio 21.10.2024 4,0 l/ha Malibu

Winter malting barley 2-row Sonja

Winter malting barley (Hordeum vulgare var. distichon)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of barley:

Leaf ears: long, completely enclosing the stem, without cilia

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow (1-2 mm), slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned (to 15 cm long), Shapes: two-rowed, multi-rowed, hanging when ripe

Grain: yellow, pointed oval, glumes fused with grain, no whiskers

Tutorial Barley

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter malting barley 2-row	Sonja	320	40,4	95	136,2	Sowing: 23.09.2024 Germination: 01.10.2024		stained 21.10.2024 4,0 l/ha Malibu

Winter malting barley 6-row KWS Faro

Winter malting barley (Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of barley:

Leaf ears: long, completely enclosing the stem, without cilia

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow (1-2 mm), slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned (to 15 cm long), Shapes: two-rowed, multi-rowed, hanging when ripe

Grain: yellow, pointed oval, glumes fused with grain, no whiskers

Tutorial barley

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter malting barley 6-row	KWS Faro	290	33,9	97	101,4	Sowing: 23.09.2024 Germination: 01.10.2024		not stained 21.10.2024 4,0 l/ha Malibu

Winter oat KWS Snowbird

Winter oat (Avena sativa)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of oat:

Leaf ears: none

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow-medium, fringed, toothed

Infructescence: Panicle

Grain: yellow hulled, white hulled or blackhulled, elongated, whiskers on dehusked grain

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter oat	KWS Snowbird	335	35,9	91	132,2	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 22.11.2024		not stained

Winter wheat SU Hymalaya

Winter hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Familie: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of wheat:

Leaf auricle: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliated

Ligule: medium size, toothed

Infructescence: Spike not awned and round, exception: awned wheat varieties

Grain: brown-yellow to reddish, oval, medium-length whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter wheat (Hybrid) (A)	SU Hymalaya	180	46,0	96	86,3	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 22.11.2024		stained with Vibrance Trio

Winter wheat Chevignon

Winter malting wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Familie: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of wheat:

Leaf auricle: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliated

Ligule: medium size, toothed

Infructescence: Spike not awned and round, exception: awned wheat varieties

Grain: brown-yellow to reddish, oval, medium-length whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter wheat (B)	Chevignon	320	44,0	93	151,4	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 22.11.2024		not stained

Winter wheat Exsal

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of wheat:

Leaf ears: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliate

Leaf ligule (Ligula): medium size, serrated

Infructescence: Spike not awned and round, exception: awnded wheat variety

Grain: brown-yellow to reddish, oval, medium-length whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter wheat (E) (awned)	Exsal	350	47,0	89	184,8	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 19.11.2024		stained

Winter triticale Bicross

Winter triticale (Triticosecale)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of triticale:

Leaf auricle: short to medium long, unciliated

Ligule: narrow to medium in size, slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned

Grain: pointed oval

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter triticale	Bicross	300	43	97	133	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 19.11.2024		stained with Landor CT

Winter rye Dukato (Population)

Winter rye (Secale cereale)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of Rye:

Leaf auricle: short, not enclosing the stem, not ciliated.

Ligule: narrow, hardly visible

Inflorescence: spike with a border, pendulous

Grain: bluish-green, narrow elongated

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter rye (Population)	Dukato	260	43,9	94	121,4	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 19.11.2024		stained with Vibrance Trio

Winter wheat KWS Keitum

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of wheat:

Leaf auricle: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliate

Ligule: medium size, serrated

Infructescence: Spike awned and round

Grain: brown-yellow to reddish, oval, medium-length whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter wheat (C) (brewing suitability)	KWS Keitum	320	57,8	93	198,9	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 19.11.2024		stained

Winter durum wheat Wintersonne

Winter durum (Triticum durum)

Familiy: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics Durum wheat:

Leaf auricle: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliated

Ligule: medium sized, toothed

Infructescence: spike with margins, awns up to 20 cm

Grain: glassy, elongated pointed

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Winter durum	Wintersonne	390	44,9	95	184,3	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 19.11.2024		not stained

Emmer Roter Heidfelder (en)

Emmer (Triticum dioccum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of Emmer:

Leaf auricle: large, ciliated

Ligule: medium sized, blunt toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned, drooping

Grain: 2 grains in a glume (vese), brown-yellow, elongated oval, whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Emmer	Roter Heidfelder	320		95		Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 22.11.2024		not stained

Einkorn Monomax (en)

Einkorn (Triticum monococcum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of Einkorn:

Leaf auricle: short, ciliated

Ligule: medium sized, blunt toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned, upright

Grain: 1 grain in a glume (vese), brown-yellow, elongated oval

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Einkorn	Monomax	280	24,8	94	73,9	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 22.11.2024		not stained

Spelt Späths Albrubin

Spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of spelt:

Leaf auricles: medium in size (not enclosing culm), partly ciliated

Ligule: short, toothed

Inflorescence: spike without awns, hanging

Grain: 2-3 grains in an enveloping glume (vese), reddish-brown

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spelt	Späths Albrubin	295	45,3	92	145,3	Sowing: 29.10.2024 Germination: 19.11.2024		not stained

Cultivation overview Spring types 2024/2025

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Plant protection
Spring malting barley 2-row	KWS Jessie	330	53,3	98	179,5	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:	not stained
Oat yellow hulled	Platin	350	40,2	94	149,7	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:	stained with: Vibrance Trio
Oat white hulled	Scotty	360	36,8	95	139,5	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:	stained with: Vibrance Trio
Oat black hulled	Zorro	310	28,4	90	97,8	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:	stained with: Vibrance Trio
Spring rey	Ovid	350	35,9	88	142,8	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:	not stained
Spring triticale	SU Carl	410	41,1	95	177,4	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:	stained
Spring wheat A	Quintus	400	42,0	97	173,2	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:	not stained
Spring wheat B	KWS Jordum	400	44,6	99	189,2	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:	not stained
Spring wheat E	KWS Carusum	400	49,0	897	200,0	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:	not stained
Spring durum wheat	Duralis	370	46,3	93	184,2	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:	not stained
Khorasan-wheat (Kamut)		350	57,3	84	238,8	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:	not stained
Buckwheat	53% Druschina 47% Dikul		33,2	95	62,9	Sowing: Germination:	not stained
Quinoa		80			2,6	Sowing: Germination:	not stained
Amaranth		60			0,8	Sowing: Germination:	not stained
Teff		4000			14,1	Sowing: Germination:	not stained
Maize KWS Otto		10	356,0	98	36,3	Sowing: Germination:	stained
Maize KWS Nostro		10	290,0	100	29,0	Sowing: Germination:	stained
Sorghum KWS Lupus		35	34,5	83	14,5	Sowing: Germination:	not stained
Sorghum KWS Kallisto		35	30,0	95	11,1	Sowing: Germination:	not stained
Sorghum RGT Amiggo		35				Sowing: Germination:	stained

Spring types and varieties

Spring malting barley 2-row KWS Jessie

Spring malting barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of barley:

Leaf ears: long, completely enclosing the stem, without cilia

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow (1-2 mm), slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned (to 15 cm long), Shapes: two-rowed, multi-rowed, hanging when ripe

Grain: yellow, pointed oval, glumes fused with grain, no whiskers

Tutorial Gerste

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring malting barley 2-row	KWS Jessie	330	53,3	98	179,5	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:		not stained

Oat yellow hulled Platin

Oat yellow hulled (Avena sativa var. aurea)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of oat:

Leaf ears: none

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow-medium, fringed, toothed

Infructescence: Panicle

Grain: yellow hulled, white hulled or blackhulled, elongated, whiskers on dehusked grain

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Oat yellow hulled	Platin	350	40,2	94	149,7	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:		stained with: Vibrance Trio

Oat white hulled Scotty

Oat white hulled (Avena sativa var. alba)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of oat:

Leaf ears: none

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow-medium, fringed, toothed

Infructescence: Panicle

Grain: yellow hulled, white hulled or blackhulled, elongated, whiskers on dehusked grain

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Oat white hulled	Scotty	360	36,8	95	139,5	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:		staine with: Vibrance Trio

Oat black hulled Zorro

Oat black hulled (Avena sativa var. nigra)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of oat:

Leaf ears: none

Leaf ligule (Ligula): narrow-medium, fringed, toothed

Infructescence: Panicle

Grain: yellow hulled, white hulled or blackhulled, elongated, whiskers on dehusked grain

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Oat black hulled	Zorro	310	28,4	90	97,8	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:		stained with: Vibrance Trio

Spring rey Ovid

Spring rey (Secale cereale)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring rey	Ovid	350	31,7	95	116,8	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:		not stained

Spring triticale SU Carl

Spring triticale (Triticosecale)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of triticale:

Leaf auricle: short to medium long, unciliated

Ligule: narrow to medium in size, slightly toothed

Infructescence: Spike awned

Grain: pointed oval

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring triticale	SU Carl	410	52,8	90	240,5	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:		stained

Spring wheat Quintus

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of wheat:

Leaf ears: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliate

Leaf ligule (Ligula): medium size, serrated

Infructescence: Spike not awned and round, exception: awnded wheat variety

Grain: brown-yellow to reddish, oval, medium-length whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring durum A	Quintus	400	42,0	97	173,2	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:		not stained

Spring wheat KWS Jordum

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of wheat:

Leaf ears: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliate

Leaf ligule (Ligula): medium size, serrated

Infructescence: Spike not awned and round, exception: awnded wheat variety

Grain: brown-yellow to reddish, oval, medium-length whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring wheat B	KWS Jordum	400	44,6	99	180,2	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:		not stained

Spring wheat KWS Carusum

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics of wheat:

Leaf ears: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliate

Leaf ligule (Ligula): medium size, serrated

Infructescence: Spike not awned and round, exception: awnded wheat variety

Grain: brown-yellow to reddish, oval, medium-length whiskers

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring wheat E	KWS Carusum	400	49,0	98	200,0	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:		not stained

Spring durum Duralis

Spring durum (Triticum durum)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Morphological characteristics Durum wheat:

Leaf auricle: short, not enclosing the stem, ciliated

Ligule: medium sized, toothed

Infructescence: spike with margins, awns up to 20 cm

Grain: glassy, elongated pointed

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Spring durum	Duralis	370	46,3	93	184,2	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:		not stained

Khorasan wheat (Kamut)

Khorasan wheat (Triticum turanicum)

Kamut

Familie: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Khorasan-wheat (Kamut)		350	57,3	84	238,8	Sowing: 20.03.2025 Germination:

Buckwheat

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)

Family: Polygonaceae (Polygonaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Buck wheat	53% Druschina 47% Dikul		33,2	95	62,9	Sowing: Germination:

Quinoa (en)

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)

Family: Amaranthaceae (Amaranthaceae)

Tutorial Ouinoa

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Quinoa		80			2,6	Sowing: Germination:

Amaranth (en)

Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus)

Family: Amaranthaceae (Amaranthaceae)

Tutorial Amaranth

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Amaranth		60			0,8	Sowing: Germination:

Teff (en)

Teff (Eragrostis teff)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Teff		4000			14,1	Sowing: Germination:

Maize KWS Otto

Maize (Zea mays)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Variety: KWS Otto

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Maize (FAO: Maize for silage: 240 / Energy maize)	KWS Otto	10	356,0	98	36,3	Sowing: Germination:

Maize KWS Nostro

Maize (Zea mays)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Mais (FAO: Maize for silage: 250 / Grain Maize: 240)	KWS Nostro	10	290,0	100	29,0	Sowing: Germination:

Sorghum KWS Lupus

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Panicle type: compact

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Sorghum	KWS Lupus	35	34,5	83	14,5	Sowing: Germination:

Sorghum KWS Kallisto

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Sorghum	KWS Kallisto	35	30,0	95	11,1	Sowing: Germination:		not stained

Sorghum RGT Amiggo

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

Family: True grasses (Poaceae)

Panicle type: open

Type	Variety	Grains/m²	TKG	KF %	Seed rate kg/ha	Measures	Fertilisation	Plant protection
Sorghum	RGT Amiggo	25				Sowing: Germination: