Grassland intensity trial

Extensive use with 2 cuts and intensive use with 4 cuts of grassland with different fertilisation levels..

Foto: Eine Wiese mit verschiedenen Wildblumen und Kräutern, darunter blaue Kornblumen und rote Mohnblumen, umgeben von grünem Gras.

Extensive and intensive use of grassland

Type	Herb-rich grass mixture 70% grasses - 28.2% herbs - 1.8% clover
Utilisation	Extensive
Seed rate kg/ha	30,0
Measures	Sowing: 09.04.2021 Cambridge rolling: 09.04.2021 Harvest: 2 cuts per year 1. Do not cut before mid to late June when grasses are ripe
Fertilisation	no nitrogen fertilisation
Plant protection

70% grass types in the mixture
Common bent grass (Agrostis capillaris) - True grasses (Poaceae) (2.0%)
Yellow foxtail grass (Alopecurus pratensis) - True grasses (Poaceae) (3.0%)
Buffalo grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) - True grasses (Poaceae) (4.0%)
Tall oat grass (Arrhenatherum elatius) - True grasses (Poaceae) (2.0%)
Barley brome (Bromus hordeaceus) - True grasses (Poaceae) (4.0% )
Crested dogtail grass (Cynosurus cristatus) - True grasses (Poaceae) (5.0%)
Cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata) - True grasses (Poaceae) (2.0%)
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) - True grasses (Poaceae) (8.0%)
Red fescue (Festuca rubra) - True grasses (Poaceae) (17.0%)
Downy oat grass (Helictotrichon pubescens) - True grasses (Poaceae) (2.0%)
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) - True grasses (Poaceae) (5.0%)
Narrow-leaved meadow grass (Poa angustifolia) - True grasses (Poaceae) (13.0%)
Golden oat grass (Trisetum flavescens) - True grasses (Poaceae) (3.0%)

28.2% herbs and 1.8% clover in the mixture
Common yarrow (Achillea millefolium) - Composite (Asteraceae) (1.0%)
Wild beaked parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) - Umbellifer (Apiaceae) (0.5%)
Rambling Bellflower (Campanula patula) - Campanula (Campanulaceae) (0.1%)
Caraway (Carum carvi) - Umbellifer (Apiaceae) (2.5%)
Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) - Composite (Asteraceae) (2.0%)
Brown knapweed (Centaurea jacea) - Composite (Asteraceae) (2.0%)
Raugh hawksbeard (Crepis biennis) - Composite (Asteraceae) (0.7%)
Wild carrot (Daucus carota) - Umbellifer (Apiaceae) (1.8%)
White bedstraw (Galium album) - Bedstraw (Rubiaceae) (2.0%)
Hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) - Umbellifer (Apiaceae ) (0.4%)
Field scabiosa (Knautia arvensis) - Honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae) (0.1%)
Raugh hawkbit (Leontodon hispidus) - Composite (Asteraceae) (0.3%)
Common daisy (Leucanthemum ircutianum/vulgare) - Composite (Asteraceae) (2.5%)
Birds-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) - Legume (Fabaceae) (1.2%)
Cuckoo flower (Lychnis flos-cuculi) - Pinks (Caryophyllaceae) (0.5%)
Musk mallow (Malva moschata) - Mallow (Malvaceae) (0.5%)
Red poppy (Papaver rhoeas) - Poppy (Papaveraceae) (1.0%)
Great burnet-saxifrage (Pimpinella major) - Umbellifer (Apiaceae) (0.4%)
Buckhorn (Plantago lanceolata) - Plantain (Plantaginaceae) (2.5%)
Common self-heal (Prunella vulgaris) - Mint (Lamiaceae) (1.3%)
Common sorrel (Rumex acetosa) - Knotweed (Polygonaceae) (0.8%)
Meadow clary (Salvia pratensis) - Mint (Lamiaceae) (1.0%)
Great burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis) - Rose (Rosaceae) (0.4%)
Autumn hawkbit (Scorzoneroides autumnalis) - Composite (Asteraceae) (0.3%)
Red campion (Silene dioica) - Pinks (Caryophyllaceae) (0.5%)
Meadow salsify (Tragopogon pratensis) - Composite (Asteraceae) (1.2%)
Bladder campion (Silene vulgaris) - Pinks (Caryophyllaceae) (0.5%)
Red clover (Trifolium pratense) - Legume (Fabaceae) (0.6%)

Type	Herb-rich grass mixture 70% grasses - 28.2% herbs - 1.8% clover
Utilisation	Extensive
Seed rate kg/ha	30,0
Measures	Sowing: 09.04.2021 Cambridge rolling: 09.04.2021 Harvest: 2 cuts per year 1. Do not cut before mid to late June when grasses are ripe
Fertilisation	30 kg N/ha nitrogen fertilisation at the start of vegetation, after cutting 23.03.2026 KAS 30 kg N/ha
Plant protection

70% grass types in the mixture
Common bent grass (Agrostis capillaris) - True grasses (Poaceae) (2.0%)
Yellow foxtail grass (Alopecurus pratensis) - True grasses (Poaceae) (3.0%)
Buffalo grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) - True grasses (Poaceae) (4.0%)
Tall oat grass (Arrhenatherum elatius) - True grasses (Poaceae) (2.0%)
Barley brome (Bromus hordeaceus) - True grasses (Poaceae) (4.0% )
Crested dogtail grass (Cynosurus cristatus) - True grasses (Poaceae) (5.0%)
Cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata) - True grasses (Poaceae) (2.0%)
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) - True grasses (Poaceae) (8.0%)
Red fescue (Festuca rubra) - True grasses (Poaceae) (17.0%)
Downy oat grass (Helictotrichon pubescens) - True grasses (Poaceae) (2.0%)
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) - True grasses (Poaceae) (5.0%)
Narrow-leaved meadow grass (Poa angustifolia) - True grasses (Poaceae) (13.0%)
Golden oat grass (Trisetum flavescens) - True grasses (Poaceae) (3.0%)

28.2% herbs and 1.8% clover in the mixture
Common yarrow (Achillea millefolium) - Composite (Asteraceae) (1.0%)
Wild beaked parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) - Umbellifer (Apiaceae) (0.5%)
Rambling Bellflower (Campanula patula) - Campanula (Campanulaceae) (0.1%)
Caraway (Carum carvi) - Umbellifer (Apiaceae) (2.5%)
Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) - Composite (Asteraceae) (2.0%)
Brown knapweed (Centaurea jacea) - Composite (Asteraceae) (2.0%)
Raugh hawksbeard (Crepis biennis) - Composite (Asteraceae) (0.7%)
Wild carrot (Daucus carota) - Umbellifer (Apiaceae) (1.8%)
White bedstraw (Galium album) - Bedstraw (Rubiaceae) (2.0%)
Hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) - Umbellifer (Apiaceae ) (0.4%)
Field scabiosa (Knautia arvensis) - Honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae) (0.1%)
Raugh hawkbit (Leontodon hispidus) - Composite (Asteraceae) (0.3%)
Common daisy (Leucanthemum ircutianum/vulgare) - Composite (Asteraceae) (2.5%)
Birds-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) - Legume (Fabaceae) (1.2%)
Cuckoo flower (Lychnis flos-cuculi) - Pinks (Caryophyllaceae) (0.5%)
Musk mallow (Malva moschata) - Mallow (Malvaceae) (0.5%)
Red poppy (Papaver rhoeas) - Poppy (Papaveraceae) (1.0%)
Great burnet-saxifrage (Pimpinella major) - Umbellifer (Apiaceae) (0.4%)
Buckhorn (Plantago lanceolata) - Plantain (Plantaginaceae) (2.5%)
Common self-heal (Prunella vulgaris) - Mint (Lamiaceae) (1.3%)
Common sorrel (Rumex acetosa) - Knotweed (Polygonaceae) (0.8%)
Meadow clary (Salvia pratensis) - Mint (Lamiaceae) (1.0%)
Great burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis) - Rose (Rosaceae) (0.4%)
Autumn hawkbit (Scorzoneroides autumnalis) - Composite (Asteraceae) (0.3%)
Red campion (Silene dioica) - Pinks (Caryophyllaceae) (0.5%)
Meadow salsify (Tragopogon pratensis) - Composite (Asteraceae) (1.2%)
Bladder campion (Silene vulgaris) - Pinks (Caryophyllaceae) (0.5%)
Red clover (Trifolium pratense) - Legume (Fabaceae) (0.6%)

Type	Herb-rich grass mixture 70% grasses - 28.2% herbs - 1.8% clover
Utilisation	Extensive
Seed rate kg/ha	30,0
Measures	Sowing: 09.04.2021 Cambridge rolling: 09.04.2021 Harvest: 2 cuts per year 1. Do not cut before mid to late June when grasses are ripe
Fertilisation	60 kg N/ha nitrogen fertilisation at the start of vegetation, after cutting 23.03.2026 KAS 60 kg N/ha
Plant protection

70% grass types in the mixture
Common bent grass (Agrostis capillaris) - True grasses (Poaceae) (2.0%)
Yellow foxtail grass (Alopecurus pratensis) - True grasses (Poaceae) (3.0%)
Buffalo grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) - True grasses (Poaceae) (4.0%)
Tall oat grass (Arrhenatherum elatius) - True grasses (Poaceae) (2.0%)
Barley brome (Bromus hordeaceus) - True grasses (Poaceae) (4.0% )
Crested dogtail grass (Cynosurus cristatus) - True grasses (Poaceae) (5.0%)
Cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata) - True grasses (Poaceae) (2.0%)
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) - True grasses (Poaceae) (8.0%)
Red fescue (Festuca rubra) - True grasses (Poaceae) (17.0%)
Downy oat grass (Helictotrichon pubescens) - True grasses (Poaceae) (2.0%)
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) - True grasses (Poaceae) (5.0%)
Narrow-leaved meadow grass (Poa angustifolia) - True grasses (Poaceae) (13.0%)
Golden oat grass (Trisetum flavescens) - True grasses (Poaceae) (3.0%)

28.2% herbs and 1.8% clover in the mixture
Common yarrow (Achillea millefolium) - Composite (Asteraceae) (1.0%)
Wild beaked parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) - Umbellifer (Apiaceae) (0.5%)
Rambling Bellflower (Campanula patula) - Campanula (Campanulaceae) (0.1%)
Caraway (Carum carvi) - Umbellifer (Apiaceae) (2.5%)
Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) - Composite (Asteraceae) (2.0%)
Brown knapweed (Centaurea jacea) - Composite (Asteraceae) (2.0%)
Raugh hawksbeard (Crepis biennis) - Composite (Asteraceae) (0.7%)
Wild carrot (Daucus carota) - Umbellifer (Apiaceae) (1.8%)
White bedstraw (Galium album) - Bedstraw (Rubiaceae) (2.0%)
Hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) - Umbellifer (Apiaceae ) (0.4%)
Field scabiosa (Knautia arvensis) - Honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae) (0.1%)
Raugh hawkbit (Leontodon hispidus) - Composite (Asteraceae) (0.3%)
Common daisy (Leucanthemum ircutianum/vulgare) - Composite (Asteraceae) (2.5%)
Birds-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) - Legume (Fabaceae) (1.2%)
Cuckoo flower (Lychnis flos-cuculi) - Pinks (Caryophyllaceae) (0.5%)
Musk mallow (Malva moschata) - Mallow (Malvaceae) (0.5%)
Red poppy (Papaver rhoeas) - Poppy (Papaveraceae) (1.0%)
Great burnet-saxifrage (Pimpinella major) - Umbellifer (Apiaceae) (0.4%)
Buckhorn (Plantago lanceolata) - Plantain (Plantaginaceae) (2.5%)
Common self-heal (Prunella vulgaris) - Mint (Lamiaceae) (1.3%)
Common sorrel (Rumex acetosa) - Knotweed (Polygonaceae) (0.8%)
Meadow clary (Salvia pratensis) - Mint (Lamiaceae) (1.0%)
Great burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis) - Rose (Rosaceae) (0.4%)
Autumn hawkbit (Scorzoneroides autumnalis) - Composite (Asteraceae) (0.3%)
Red campion (Silene dioica) - Pinks (Caryophyllaceae) (0.5%)
Meadow salsify (Tragopogon pratensis) - Composite (Asteraceae) (1.2%)
Bladder campion (Silene vulgaris) - Pinks (Caryophyllaceae) (0.5%)
Red clover (Trifolium pratense) - Legume (Fabaceae) (0.6%)

Type	GSWU Grass mixture (cut and pasture utilisation) 88% grasses - 12% clover
Utilisation	Intensive
Seed rate kg/ha	30,0
Measures	Sowing: 09.04.2021 Cambridge rolling: 09.04.2021 Harvest: 4 cuts per year
Fertilisation	no nitrogen fertilisation
Plant protection

88% grass species in the mixture
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) (6.0%)
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) (28.0%)
Timothy (Phleum pratense) (17.0%)
Kentucky blue grass (Poa pratensis) (14.0%)
Meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) (6.0%)
Red fescue (Festuca rubra) (11.0%)
Cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata) (6.0%)

12% clover in the mixture
White clover (Trifolium repens) - legume (Fabaceae) (9.0%)
Red clover (Trifolium pratense) - legume (Fab aceae) (3.0%)

Type	GSWU Grass mixture (cut and pasture utilisation) 88% grasses - 12% clover
Utilisation	Intensive
Seed rate kg/ha	30,0
Measures	Sowing: 09.04.2021 Cambridge rolling: 09.04.2021 Harvest: 4 cuts per year
Fertilisation	30 kg N/ha nitrogen fertilisation at the start of vegetation, after cutting utilisation 23.03.2026 KAS 30 kg N/ha
Plant protection

88% grass types in the mixture
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) (6.0%)
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) (28.0%)
Timothy (Phleum pratense) (17.0%)
Kentucky blue grass (Poa pratensis) (14.0%)
Meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) (6.0%)
Red fescue (Festuca rubra) (11.0%)
Cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata) (6.0%)

12% clover in the mixture
White clover (Trifolium repens) - legume (Fabaceae) (9.0%)
Red clover (Trifolium pratense) - legume (Fab aceae) (3.0%)

Type	GSWU Grass mixture (cut and pasture utilisation) 88% grasses - 12% clover
Utilisation	Intensive
Seed rate kg/ha	30,0
Measures	Sowing: 09.04.2021 Cambridge rolling: 09.04.2021 Harvest: 4 cuts per year
Fertilisation	60 kg N/ha nitrogen fertilisation at the start of vegetation, after cutting utilisation 23.03.2026 KAS 60 kg N/ha
Plant protection

88% grass types in the mixture
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) (6.0%)
Meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) (28.0%)
Timothy (Phleum pratense) (17.0%)
Kentucky blue grass (Poa pratensis) (14.0%)
Meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) (6.0%)
Red fescue (Festuca rubra) (11.0%)
Cocksfoot grass (Dactylis glomerata) (6.0%)

12% clover in the mixture
White clover (Trifolium repens) - legume (Fabaceae) (9.0%)
Red clover (Trifolium pratense) - legume (Fab aceae) (3.0%)

Grassland intensity trial

Extensive and intensive use of grassland

Extensive use Fertilisation 1

Extensive use Fertilisation 2

Extensive use Fertilisation 3

Intensive use Fertilisation 1

Intensive use Fertilisation 2

Intensive use Fertilisation 3